Chapter 13

Question 1

This structure connects the throat with the stomach

Answer 1

esophagus

Question 2

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs here

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

This structure filters blood and makes urine

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

Muscles either relax or __________

Answer 4

contract

Question 5

On its way to the cells, blood leaves the arteries and travels through these tiny vessels

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

Most nutrient absorption takes place here

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

This is the mixture in the stomach made during the digestive process

Answer 7

chyme

Question 8

Feces are formed here

Answer 8

large intestine

Question 9

These involuntary muscles line internal organs

Answer 9

smooth muscles

Question 10

As surface area increases, the rate of absorption _______

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

The vertebral column protects this structure

Answer 11

spinal cord

Question 12

This type of muscle is only found in the heart

Answer 12

cardiac

Question 13

The basic unit of the nervous system is the ________

Answer 13

neuron

Question 14

This type of muscle makes up the biceps and tires easily

Answer 14

skeletal

Question 15

This tissue attaches muscle to bone

Answer 15

tendon

Question 16

The nerves are part of the _____________ nervous system

Answer 16

peripheral

Question 17

This protects bones from grinding together

Answer 17

cartilage

Question 18

contents of the stomach pass through the ________ before entering the small intestine.

Answer 18

pyloric sphincter

Question 19

This part of the brain is responsible for controlling respiration

Answer 19

medulla oblongata

Question 20

Visual stimuli get to the brain by this

Answer 20

optic nerve

Question 21

triceps belong to which body system?

Answer 21

musculoskeletal

Question 22

cartilage belongs to which body system?

Answer 22

musculoskeletal

Question 23

dendrite belongs to which body system?

Answer 23

nervou

Question 24

the diaphragm belongs to which body system?

Answer 24

respiratory and musculoskeletal

Question 25

vertebrae belong to which body system?

Answer 25

musculoskeletal

Question 26

arteries belong to which body system?

Answer 26

cardiovascular

Question 27

cranium belongs to which body system?

Answer 27

musculoskeletal

Question 28

tendon belongs to which body system?

Answer 28

musculoskeletal

Question 29

kidney belongs to which body system?

Answer 29

urinary

Question 30

axon belongs to which body system?

Answer 30

nervous

Question 31

villi belong to which body system?

Answer 31

digestive

Question 32

neuron belongs to which body system?

Answer 32

nervous

Question 33

pyloric sphincter belongs to which body system?

Answer 33

digestive

Question 34

alveoli belongs to which body system?

Answer 34

respiratory

Question 35

sternum belongs to which body system?

Answer 35

musculoskeletal

Question 36

ureters belong to which body system?

Answer 36

urinary

Question 37

Explain why the small intestine is so effective in absorbing nutrients

Answer 37

The small intestine lining has finger-like projections called villi and microvilli. These increase the surface area of the lining and therefore increase the absorption rate of nutrients.

Question 38

What is peristalsis and how is it important?

Answer 38

Peristalsis is the involuntary muscular contraction that moves food through the alimentary canal. If peristalsis did not occur, food would probably stay lodged in the throat and never get to the stomach or passed to the small intestine.

Question 39

How are body systems interdependent? Use at least three specific systems in your answer.

Answer 39

The nervous system controls all body responses, including the contraction of muscles found in the circulatory system, such as the heart, and in the digestive system, such as the stomach. The heart pumps blood, which carries oxygen from the lungs in the respiratory system. Nutrients from food are broken down in the digestive system and carried by the circulatory system to the body cells.

Question 40

Label and name the structures of a neuron

1. dendrites
2. cell body
3. axon

Answer 40

use picture on page 162

Question 41

Label and name the structures of the ear

1. anvil
2. hammer
3. ear canal
4. ear drum
5. semicircular canals
6. auditory nerve
7. cochlea
8. stirrup

Answer 41

use picture on page 165

Question 42

Label and name the structures of the eye

1. cornea
2. pupil
3. iris
4. retina
5. optic nerve
6. lens

Answer 42

use picture on page 164

Question 43

Explain how light enters the eye and is sent to the brain. Use all the labeled structures in your answer.

Answer 43

Light travels through the cornea and into the pupil. The iris controls how much light enters through the pupil. The lens focuses the light, which then strikes the retina. Impulses are sent from the retina by the optic nerve to the brain.

Question 44

List the three types of neurons.

Answer 44

1. sensory
2. motor
3. interneuron

Question 45

Describe how sound enters the ear and travels to the brain. Use all the structures identified in your answer.

Answer 45

sound waves enter the outer ear and travel through the ear canal, striking the eardrum. The vibrations from the eardrum are sent to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the middle ear. The stirrup passes the vibrations to the cochlea in the inner ear, where impulses are sent by the auditory nerve to the brain.