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Chemistry SAT > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

How is sulfur extracted from rocks?

A

It is heated in retorts or furnaces

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2
Q

What does rhombic sulfur look like?

A

It can either look like 2 pyramids on top of each other or similar (But with tops a little cut off (In different slopes)) when an octahedral

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3
Q

WHat is the color of rhombic or octahedral sulfur?

A

Pale yellow, opaque, brittle

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4
Q

What does the Monoclinic crystal form of sulfur look? like?

A

It looks like needles (Or french fries)

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5
Q

What is the color of monoclinic sulfur?

A

Yellow, waxy, translucent, brittle

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6
Q

What is the shape of amorphous sulfur?

A

It has a noncrystalline shape

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7
Q

What is the color of amorphous sulfur?

A

Dark, tough, elastic

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8
Q

How many steps does it take sulfuric acid to ionize

A

2 steps

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9
Q

Salts form with ______ are called acid salts

A

HSO4- (bisulfate ion)

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10
Q

SO4 2- forms what kinds of salts?

A

Normal salts

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11
Q

What are two special characteristics of sulfuric acid?

A

It can act as an oxidizing agent and as a dehydrating agent (W/ carbohydrates)

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12
Q

The three important compounds of sulfur are _________, _________, and _________

A

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide

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13
Q

What is the color of hydrogen sulfide?

A

It is colorless

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14
Q

Hydrogen sulfide smells like _______.

A

Rotten eggs

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15
Q

Hydrogen sulfide can be created by reacting _______ and __________.

A

Ferrous sulfide. an acid (Dilute Hydrochloric acid)

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16
Q

Hydrogen sulfide burns in excess ______ and forms compounds of _____ and _______.

A

oxygen. Water. Sulfur dioxide

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17
Q

If there is not enough oxygen when burning hydrogen sulfide, ______ is formed

A

free sulfur

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18
Q

T/F Hydrogen sulfide is a strong acid in a water solution

A

F, hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid in a water solution

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19
Q

WHat is the color ZnS

A

White

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20
Q

T/F the color of CdS is blue

A

F/ It is bright yellow

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21
Q

What is the color of As2S3

A

Lemon Yellow

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22
Q

The color of Sb2S3 is _______.

A

Orange

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23
Q

The two common sulfides that have the color black are ______ and _______.

A

CuS and HgS

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24
Q

WHat is the only sulfide that is a mix of two colors?

A

PbS (It is brown and black)

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25
Q

T/F Sulfur dioxide has a BRIGHT BLUE COLOR and a PLEASANT SCENT.

A

F, it has no color and has a suffocating odor.

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26
Q

Does Sulfur dioxide have resonance structures, if so how many?

A

Yes, Two

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27
Q

Are ALL the halogens diatomics?

A

No, At is not

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28
Q

What element is the most active halogen?

A

Fluorine

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29
Q

What is the least active halogen?

A

Iodine

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30
Q

How many valence electrons do the halogens have?

A

7

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31
Q

Which two halogens are gasses at room temperature?

A

Fluorine and Chlorine

32
Q

What state of matter is Bromine at RT

A

Liquid

33
Q

Iodine is a _____ at RT

A

Solid

34
Q

What is the color of Fluorine?

A

Pale yellow

35
Q

Chlorine is _____ (color) at RT

A

Green

36
Q

What is the color of Liquid Bromine

A

Dark red

37
Q

WHat is the color of Iodine at RT

A

Purplish, Black crystals

38
Q

Halogens are usually _____ agents

A

Oxidizing

39
Q

What is the most active element in the periodic table

A

Fluorine

40
Q

What are the uses of hydrochloric acid?

A
  1. Common acid prepared in labs by reacting NaCl + (Concentrated) H2S
  2. Important in many industrial processes
41
Q

What are the uses of silver bromide and silver iodide?

A
  1. Used in photographic films

2. Records light intensity

42
Q

What Halide is used to etch glass by reacting with SiO2 to release Silicon Fluoride gas, and to frost light bulbs

A

Hydrofluoric acid

43
Q

What Halide is used in drinking water and toothpaste

A

Fluoride

44
Q

Nitrogen is ______less, ____less, and ____less

A

color, odor, taste

45
Q

WHat gas makes up 4/5s of the whole atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

46
Q

Why is Nitrogen considered an inactive gas

A

Since it is a diatomic with three covalent bonds connecting the two atoms (Requires a lot of energy to break)

47
Q

How does nature fix nitrogen?

A

By using nitrogen-fixing bacteria

48
Q

An important compound of nitrogen is __________.

A

Nitric acid

49
Q

WHat is the color of nitric acid?

A

It is colorless

50
Q

Nitric acid is ____ times as dense as water

A

1.5

51
Q

What is the boiling point of Nitric acid

A

86 degrees Celsius

52
Q

Even though it rarely produces hydrogen when it reacts with metals, _____ (a dilute acid) shows the usual properties of a _____.

A

Nitric acid. Acid

53
Q

Is nitric acid stable

A

no nitric acid is not stable

54
Q

Why is nitric acid a good oxidizing agent?

A

Due to the ease of decomposition

55
Q

When nitric acid reacts with metals, the nitrogen formed will depend on the conditions of the reaction, especially the _________, ________, and ______

A

concentration of the acid, the activity of the metal, and the temperature.

56
Q

When Nitric acid is mixed with hydrochloric acid, the mixture is called _______

A

aqua regia

57
Q

What is an aqua regia mixture?

A

It is a mixture that has the ability to dissolve gold

58
Q

Are metals malleable and ductile?

A

Yes

59
Q

What is the color of MOST metals?

A

Silver

60
Q

T/F Metals are soluble in any ordinary solvent without the need for a chemical change

A

F, Metals are NOT soluble in any ordinary solvent with a chemical change

61
Q

Can metals conduct heat and electricity?

A

Yes

62
Q

Are metals electropositive

A

Yes

63
Q

T/F the most active metal oxides form bases

A

True

64
Q

Do ALL metals form bases?

A

No, some form amphoteric hydroxides that can react as both acids and bases

65
Q

Can iron be refined by a reduction in a blast furnace?

A

Yes

66
Q

Hot air blasts from a blast furnace are enriched with _______.

A

Oxygen

67
Q

What is pig iron?

A

Molten iron from a blast furnace

68
Q

What is the basic oxygen furnace?

A

Pig iron is poured into a pot. There high-speed bursts of oxygen are blasted on top of the pig iron. This “burns out” the impurities in the pig iron

69
Q

What is the open-hearth furnace?

A

Molten iron, scrap steel, and other metals are put together and melted with alternating burst of fire until the desired properties are attained.

70
Q

How does an electric arc furnace work?

A

a large amount of electricity goes through graphite cathodes before it is lowered into the molten iron to purify it (Not as common as the other methods)

71
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more metals

72
Q

T/F the melting point of an alloy is higher than that of its components.

A

F, alloys have a lower melting point

73
Q

T/F Alloys are harder than the metals that compose it

A

True

74
Q

Does the size of the crystalline particles in the alloy determine many of the alloy’s physical properties

A

Yes

75
Q

The size of the crystalline structures in alloys can be controlled by ________.

A

heat treatment

76
Q

What are metalloids?

A

They are between metals and nonmetals

77
Q

Pure metalloids are considered _______.

A

Semiconductors

Chemistry SAT (5 decks)

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