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Chemistry SAT > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

How is sulfur extracted from rocks?

A

It is heated in retorts or furnaces

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2
Q

What does rhombic sulfur look like?

A

It can either look like 2 pyramids on top of each other or similar (But with tops a little cut off (In different slopes)) when an octahedral

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3
Q

WHat is the color of rhombic or octahedral sulfur?

A

Pale yellow, opaque, brittle

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4
Q

What does the Monoclinic crystal form of sulfur look? like?

A

It looks like needles (Or french fries)

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5
Q

What is the color of monoclinic sulfur?

A

Yellow, waxy, translucent, brittle

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6
Q

What is the shape of amorphous sulfur?

A

It has a noncrystalline shape

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7
Q

What is the color of amorphous sulfur?

A

Dark, tough, elastic

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8
Q

How many steps does it take sulfuric acid to ionize

A

2 steps

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9
Q

Salts form with ______ are called acid salts

A

HSO4- (bisulfate ion)

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10
Q

SO4 2- forms what kinds of salts?

A

Normal salts

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11
Q

What are two special characteristics of sulfuric acid?

A

It can act as an oxidizing agent and as a dehydrating agent (W/ carbohydrates)

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12
Q

The three important compounds of sulfur are _________, _________, and _________

A

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide

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13
Q

What is the color of hydrogen sulfide?

A

It is colorless

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14
Q

Hydrogen sulfide smells like _______.

A

Rotten eggs

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15
Q

Hydrogen sulfide can be created by reacting _______ and __________.

A

Ferrous sulfide. an acid (Dilute Hydrochloric acid)

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16
Q

Hydrogen sulfide burns in excess ______ and forms compounds of _____ and _______.

A

oxygen. Water. Sulfur dioxide

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17
Q

If there is not enough oxygen when burning hydrogen sulfide, ______ is formed

A

free sulfur

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18
Q

T/F Hydrogen sulfide is a strong acid in a water solution

A

F, hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid in a water solution

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19
Q

WHat is the color ZnS

A

White

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20
Q

T/F the color of CdS is blue

A

F/ It is bright yellow

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21
Q

What is the color of As2S3

A

Lemon Yellow

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22
Q

The color of Sb2S3 is _______.

A

Orange

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23
Q

The two common sulfides that have the color black are ______ and _______.

A

CuS and HgS

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24
Q

WHat is the only sulfide that is a mix of two colors?

A

PbS (It is brown and black)

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25
T/F Sulfur dioxide has a BRIGHT BLUE COLOR and a PLEASANT SCENT.
F, it has no color and has a suffocating odor.
26
Does Sulfur dioxide have resonance structures, if so how many?
Yes, Two
27
Are ALL the halogens diatomics?
No, At is not
28
What element is the most active halogen?
Fluorine
29
What is the least active halogen?
Iodine
30
How many valence electrons do the halogens have?
7
31
Which two halogens are gasses at room temperature?
Fluorine and Chlorine
32
What state of matter is Bromine at RT
Liquid
33
Iodine is a _____ at RT
Solid
34
What is the color of Fluorine?
Pale yellow
35
Chlorine is _____ (color) at RT
Green
36
What is the color of Liquid Bromine
Dark red
37
WHat is the color of Iodine at RT
Purplish, Black crystals
38
Halogens are usually _____ agents
Oxidizing
39
What is the most active element in the periodic table
Fluorine
40
What are the uses of hydrochloric acid?
1. Common acid prepared in labs by reacting NaCl + (Concentrated) H2S 2. Important in many industrial processes
41
What are the uses of silver bromide and silver iodide?
1. Used in photographic films | 2. Records light intensity
42
What Halide is used to etch glass by reacting with SiO2 to release Silicon Fluoride gas, and to frost light bulbs
Hydrofluoric acid
43
What Halide is used in drinking water and toothpaste
Fluoride
44
Nitrogen is ______less, ____less, and ____less
color, odor, taste
45
WHat gas makes up 4/5s of the whole atmosphere?
Nitrogen
46
Why is Nitrogen considered an inactive gas
Since it is a diatomic with three covalent bonds connecting the two atoms (Requires a lot of energy to break)
47
How does nature fix nitrogen?
By using nitrogen-fixing bacteria
48
An important compound of nitrogen is __________.
Nitric acid
49
WHat is the color of nitric acid?
It is colorless
50
Nitric acid is ____ times as dense as water
1.5
51
What is the boiling point of Nitric acid
86 degrees Celsius
52
Even though it rarely produces hydrogen when it reacts with metals, _____ (a dilute acid) shows the usual properties of a _____.
Nitric acid. Acid
53
Is nitric acid stable
no nitric acid is not stable
54
Why is nitric acid a good oxidizing agent?
Due to the ease of decomposition
55
When nitric acid reacts with metals, the nitrogen formed will depend on the conditions of the reaction, especially the _________, ________, and ______
concentration of the acid, the activity of the metal, and the temperature.
56
When Nitric acid is mixed with hydrochloric acid, the mixture is called _______
aqua regia
57
What is an aqua regia mixture?
It is a mixture that has the ability to dissolve gold
58
Are metals malleable and ductile?
Yes
59
What is the color of MOST metals?
Silver
60
T/F Metals are soluble in any ordinary solvent without the need for a chemical change
F, Metals are NOT soluble in any ordinary solvent with a chemical change
61
Can metals conduct heat and electricity?
Yes
62
Are metals electropositive
Yes
63
T/F the most active metal oxides form bases
True
64
Do ALL metals form bases?
No, some form amphoteric hydroxides that can react as both acids and bases
65
Can iron be refined by a reduction in a blast furnace?
Yes
66
Hot air blasts from a blast furnace are enriched with _______.
Oxygen
67
What is pig iron?
Molten iron from a blast furnace
68
What is the basic oxygen furnace?
Pig iron is poured into a pot. There high-speed bursts of oxygen are blasted on top of the pig iron. This "burns out" the impurities in the pig iron
69
What is the open-hearth furnace?
Molten iron, scrap steel, and other metals are put together and melted with alternating burst of fire until the desired properties are attained.
70
How does an electric arc furnace work?
a large amount of electricity goes through graphite cathodes before it is lowered into the molten iron to purify it (Not as common as the other methods)
71
What is an alloy?
A mixture of two or more metals
72
T/F the melting point of an alloy is higher than that of its components.
F, alloys have a lower melting point
73
T/F Alloys are harder than the metals that compose it
True
74
Does the size of the crystalline particles in the alloy determine many of the alloy's physical properties
Yes
75
The size of the crystalline structures in alloys can be controlled by ________.
heat treatment
76
What are metalloids?
They are between metals and nonmetals
77
Pure metalloids are considered _______.
Semiconductors

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