Chapter 13 Administration, coring and interpretation of selected tests

Question 1

what are the measuring parameters of athletic performance

Answer 1

-max muscular strength
-anaerobic or max muscular power
-anaerobic capacity
-local muscular endurance
-aerobic capacity
-agility
-strength
-balance and stability
-flexibility
-body composition
-anthropometry

Question 2

what are the tests done for maximum muscular strength

Answer 2

Low movement speeds
1RM bench press
1 RM back squat

Question 3

what are the tests done for anaerobic/maximum muscular power

Answer 3

1 RM Power Clean
Vertical Jump
Static Vertical Jump
Reactive Strength Index
Margaria-Kalamen Test

Question 4

What is the Eccentric Utilization Ratio?

Answer 4

ratio of countermovement jump (CMJ) to static jump (SJ) performance, has been suggested as a useful indicator of power performance in athletes.

Question 5

what are the tests done for anaerobic capacity

Answer 5

300 yd shuttle

Question 6

what are the tests done for aerobic capacity

Answer 6

12-Minute Run
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test

Question 7

what are tests done for agility

Answer 7

T-Test
Hexagon Test
Pro Agility Test (20-Yard Shuttle)
505 Agility Test

Question 8

what are tests done for balance and stability

Answer 8

Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)

Question 9

what are tests done for speed

Answer 9

straight line sprint test (40yd sprint)

Question 10

what is muscular strength

Answer 10

the F a m. or a m. group can exert in 1 maximal effort while maintaining proper form

Question 11

how is the 1 RM performed (trials, scoring, what can affect accuracy)

Answer 11

warm up light resistance (5/10 reps)
1 min rest
warm up load for 3-5 reps
2 min rest
near max load for 2-3 reps
2 to 4 min rest
attempt 1 RM
if failed; decrease weight or if good then increase weight
3-5 testing sets
training status and exercise technique experience affect accuracy

Question 12

disqualifications for back squat 1RM

Answer 12

losing balance during lift
failure to descend deeply enough
spotter helping w the lift
failure to stand up completely

Question 13

disqualifications for bench press 1RM

Answer 13

-bouncing barbell off the chest
-lifting hips off the bench at any time during the movement
-spotter helps with the lift
-failure the extend both arms

Question 14

what is max muscular power

Answer 14

ability of m. tissue to exert high force while contracting at a high speed

Question 15

describe 1 RM power clean disqualifications

Answer 15

-stopping during the lift
-cleaning the bar to a location other than the shoulder
-inability to hold on the barbell while attempting to stand up
-loss of balance during the lift

Question 16

describe the vertical jump test

Answer 16

use of commercial vertec device
best of 3 trials to the nearest 1.0 cm

Question 17

describe the static vertical jump test

Answer 17

knee angle = about 110° and hold 2-3 sec VJ Ht= total jump height- standing reach height
best of 3 trials recorded
no countermvt during starting position
max height measured by contact mat system
EUR: CMVJ Ht / SVJ Ht

Question 18

what is the reactive strength index

Answer 18

ex: DROP JUMP TEST
boxes of varying heights
jump mat (0.2 m in front of box) and contact mat for measuring jump height and contact time
RSI=jump Ht / contact time
best of 3 trials recorded

Question 19

describe Margaria-Kalamen Test

Answer 19

time from 3rd to 9th step contact (nearest 0.01 s)
3 trials and best of the 3 used in calculations
2-3 min rest btw trials

Question 20

what is anaerobic capacity

Answer 20

max rate of energy production by the combined phosphagen and anaerobic glycolytic energy sys for mod-duration activities (max work/sec performed in muscular activity btw 30-90 s )

Question 21

describe 300 yd shuttle test

Answer 21

foot contact must be made w each line
2 trials
time recorded to nearest 0.1s
record average of both trials to nearest 0.1

Question 22

what is aerobic capacity

Answer 22

max rate at which an athlete can produce energy thru oxidation of energy sources

Question 23

describe yoyo intermittent recovery test

Answer 23

common in field testing protocols for team sports
performed at 2 levels (1=starts at 10km/h, 2=starts at 13km/h)
used to evaluate max HR, max distance covered and physical capacity of athletes involved in intermittent sport (mimics match)
-distance covered measured when subject fails to reach line twice
-repeated running bouts eith each bout 2x 20m runs

Question 24

diff btw yoyo level 1 and level 2

Answer 24

level 1: ability to perform intermittent exercise leading to activation of the aerobic energy sys (1st-10km/h, 2nd=11.5km/h, 3rd=13.0km/h, 4th=13.5 km/h, 5th=14.0 km/h continue w 0.5km/h speed increments per running bouts until exhaustion)

level 2: ability to recover from repeated exercise with a large contribution of the anaerobic sys
(1st bout at 13km/h, 2nd at 15km/h, 3rd at 16km/h and 4th at 16.5km/h, 0.5km/h increase per stage until exhaustion)

Question 25

what are the soccer endurance tests

Answer 25

continuous multistage fitness test
yoyo intermittent recovery test
soccer-specific testing of VO2 max
Hoff test: aerobic testing with the ball

Question 26

what is agility

Answer 26

a rapid, whole-body, change of direction or speed in response to a sport-specific stimulus

Question 27

describe T-test

Answer 27

best time of 2 trials to the nearest 0.1 s

Question 28

describe hexagon test

Answer 28

18 jumps (3rev)
always face forward, clockwise direction, double leg hopping
start and end at center
best time of 3 trials recorded to the nearest 0.1 s

Question 29

describe pro agility test

Answer 29

20yd shuttle test
straddle centermost of 3 parallel lines using a 3 pt stance
auditory signal
hand or foot must make contact with all indicated lines
best time of 2 trials recorded to the nearest 0.01s

Question 30

describe 505 agility test

Answer 30

auditory signal to start sprinting to 10 m (first timing lights) next sprint 5m further to turning line w one foot over or on the line, turn and accelerate to finish line (5m)
best time of 2 trials recorded to the nearest 0.1s

Question 31

what is speed

Answer 31

displacement per unit of time
quantified as time taken to cover a fixed distance (less than 100m)

Question 32

describe the 40yd sprint (Straight-Line Sprint Tests)

Answer 32

starting position; 3 or 4 pt stance
auditory signal
best split times of 2 trials recorded to the nearest 0.1s
active recovery or rest btw trials at least 2min

Question 33

whats balance

Answer 33

ability to maintain static and dynamic equilibrium or the ability to maintain the body’s center of gravity over the base of support

Question 34

whats stability

Answer 34

measure of the ability to return to a desired position following a disturbance to the sys

Question 35

describe balance error scoring sys

Answer 35

hold stance 20s, eyes closed, hands on hips
firm surface: double leg stance/single leg stance NDF/tandem stance DF in front of NDF

Soft surface:double leg stance/single leg stance NDF/tandem stance DF in front of NDF

errors worth 1 point each: open eyes, lift hands from hip, touchdown of nonstance foot, step/hop or other mvt of stance foot, lifting forefoot or heel, move hip into more than 30° hip flexion or abduction, remain out of position for more than 5 sec

scores from each stance and surface conditiom are added up w max score of 10 errors per 20 s test: max 60 errors for six 20s tests

Question 36

describe star excursion balance test

Answer 36

stand at center of 8 120cm lines at 45° increments
maintain a single leg stance facing in 1 direction while reaching with the contralateral leg as far as possible for each taped line, touching the farthest pt possible and then returning to bilateral position

min 4 practice trials allowed before actual test

3 trials for each condition and averaged; distance from center of star to touch position is measured

15 sec rest allowed btw each of the reaches

trials discarded if athlete: doesnt touch line, lifts stance foot from center grid, looses balance, doesn’t maintain start and return position for 1 full sec

Question 37

what are the statistical measures

Answer 37

central tendency (mode, mean, median)
variability (range, standard deviation)
percentile rank
smallest worthwhile change
effect size
standard scores

Question 38

what are statistical evaluation of test data useful for

Answer 38

evaluating physical abilities and the improvement of a group and then individuals within the group

Question 39

what is magnitude statistics

Answer 39

allow practitioners to interpret the clinical significance of fitness testing

Question 40

what are smallest worthwhile change and effect size

Answer 40

magnitude statistics used to describe and evaluate the magnitude of change in a fitness test
smc: refers to the ability of a test to detect tje smallest practically important change in performance
es: useful for calculating group performance following a training program or comparing btw groups of athletes

Question 41

what are inferential statistics

Answer 41

The use of inferential statistics allows one to draw general conclusions about a population from information collected in a population sample

Question 42

what are magnitude statistics

Answer 42

can provide a more useful approach for practitioners because it allows for interpretation of the clinical significance of fitness testing

Question 43

what are descriptive statistics

Answer 43

summarizes or describes a large group of data. It is used when all the information about a population is known.

Question 44

what is central tendency

Answer 44

Measures of central tendency are values about which the data tend to cluster.

Question 45

whats a median

Answer 45

the middlemost score when a set of scores is arranged in order of magnitude. With an even number of scores, the median is the average of the two middlemost scores. Half a group of scores falls above the median and half falls below the median. Depending on the distribution of scores, the median can be a better measure of central tendency than the mean.

Question 46

whats a mean

Answer 46

the average of the scores (i.e., the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores). This is the most commonly used measure of central tendency

Question 47

whats a mode

Answer 47

the score that occurs with the greatest fre- quency. If each numerical score appears only once, there is no mode. If two or more scores are “tied” for greatest frequency, then all of the similar scores are modes. The mode is generally regarded as the least useful measure of central tendency.

Question 48

whats variability

Answer 48

The degree of dispersion of scores within a group is called variability. Two common measures of variability are the range and the standard deviation.
The range is the interval from the lowest to the highest score.

The standard deviation is a measure of the variability of a set of scores about the mean

Question 49

whats percentile rank

Answer 49

An individual’s percentile rank is the percentage of test takers scoring below that individ- ual. As in calculation of the median, percentile ranking requires arranging scores ordinally (lowest to highest)

Question 50

step 1 of developing an athletic profile

Answer 50

Select tests that will measure the specific parameters most closely related to the physical characteristics of the sport or sports in question. For example, a testing battery for wrestlers should include
tests for pulling strength, pushing strength, and
local muscular endurance.

Question 51

step 2 for developing an athletic profile

Answer 51

Choose valid and reliable tests to measure these parameters, and arrange the testing battery in an appropriate order with sufficient rest between tests to promote test reliability. For example, appropriate tests for wrestling might include push-ups and sit-ups for maximum repetitions in a given time interval. These two tests should be separated by at least 10 minutes of rest to allow recovery from fatigue and thus promote accurate scores.

Question 52

step 3 for developing an athletic profile

Answer 52

3. Administer the test battery with as many athletes as possible.

Question 53

step 4 for developing an athletic profile

Answer 53

4. Determine the smallest worthwhile change for the tests and compare to normative data where appropriate. It is recommended that coaches store testing results and develop their own norms when standardized procedures are used.
   - compare to normative data where appropriate
   - develop own norms when standardized procedures are used

Question 54

step 5 for developing an athletic profile

Answer 54

5. Conduct repeat testing (e.g., pre- and posttraining program) and use the results to present a visual profile with figures.

Question 55

step 6 for developing an athletic profile

Answer 55

6. Use the results of the testing in some meaningful way. Ideally the results will enable the strength and conditioning professional to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the athletes and to design the training program with these in mind