Chapter 13 Blood

Question 1

What is the protein present in blood that is essential for blood clotting?

Answer 1

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin during the clotting process.

Question 2

What is a substance developed in the body in response to stimulation by an antigen?

Answer 2

Antibodies

Antibodies are proteins that help identify and neutralize pathogens.

Question 3

What substance inhibits blood clotting?

Answer 3

Heparin

Heparin is often used clinically to prevent blood clots.

Question 4

What is an inherited blood clotting disorder caused by a failure to form necessary clotting factors?

Answer 4

Hemophilia

Hemophilia leads to excessive bleeding due to inadequate clotting.

Question 5

What is the term for an increase in red blood cells (RBCs)?

Answer 5

Polycythemia

Polycythemia can lead to increased blood viscosity and related complications.

Question 6

Condition characterized by low number of red blood cells?

Answer 6

Pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia can result from a deficiency in vitamin B12.

Question 7

What is the liquid part of blood called?

Answer 7

Blood plasma

Blood plasma contains water, salts, and proteins.

Question 8

What does an abnormally low blood platelet count refer to?

Answer 8

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia can increase the risk of bleeding.

Question 9

What is a clot, or portion of a clot, that circulates in the bloodstream?

Answer 9

Embolus

An embolus can cause blockages in blood vessels.

Question 10

What is a clot that stays in the circulatory system where it is formed?

Answer 10

Thrombus

A thrombus can lead to conditions like deep vein thrombosis.

Question 11

What are the cells responsible for the immune response?

Answer 11

White blood cells

Also known as leukocytes, they play a key role in the body’s defense against infections.

Question 12

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Transport oxygen

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

Question 13

What is the medical term for red blood cells?

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

These cells are characterized by their biconcave shape and lack of nucleus.

Question 14

What type of white blood cell is known for its role in allergic reactions?

Answer 14

Basophils

Basophils release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

Question 15

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

Answer 15

Blood clotting

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are essential for the process of hemostasis.

Question 16

What is another term for white blood cells?

Answer 16

Leukocytes

These cells are crucial for the immune system and include various types such as neutrophils and basophils.

Question 17

What type of white blood cell is primarily involved in fighting bacterial infections?

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are often the first responders to sites of infection.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Platelets are also known as _______.

Answer 18

Thrombocytes

Thrombocytes are critical for the clotting process in the body.

Question 19

What forms a layer called the ‘buffy coat’ in a tube of whole blood spun down in a centrifuge?

Answer 19

Platelets and white blood cells

The buffy coat is the middle layer that separates plasma from red blood cells after centrifugation.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of mature red blood cells?

Answer 20

Their life span is only about 8 months

Mature red blood cells can live for about 120 days.

Question 21

What disease develops as a result of a mother’s Rh antibodies reacting with the Rh-positive baby?

Answer 21

Erythroblastosis fetalis

This condition can occur during pregnancy when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive baby.

Question 22

Which substance does not make up part of the hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 22

Calcium

Hemoglobin is made up of iron and protein chains, not calcium.

Question 23

Which leukocytes are not classified as granular?

Answer 23

Monocytes

Granular leukocytes include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Question 24

Which white blood cells secrete histamine and heparin?

Answer 24

Basophils

Basophils play a role in inflammatory responses and allergic reactions.

Question 25

This plasma protein is necessary for blood clotting.

Answer 25

Fibrinogen ## Footnote Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin during the clotting process.

Question 26

An abnormally low white blood cell count is called _______.

Answer 26

leukopenia ## Footnote Leukopenia can increase the risk of infections.

Question 27

Platelets play an important role in _______.

Answer 27

blood clotting ## Footnote Platelets are crucial for hemostasis, the process that prevents and stops bleeding.

Question 28

The following are components critical to clotting except _______.

Answer 28

carrying carbon dioxide ## Footnote Components critical to clotting include thrombin, fibrin, and prothrombin.

Question 29

If part of a clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream, the dislodged part is called a(n) _______.

Answer 29

embolus ## Footnote An embolus can lead to serious conditions if it lodges in a blood vessel.

Question 30

Blood serum is different from blood plasma because it does not contain _______.

Answer 30

fibrinogen ## Footnote Serum is the liquid that remains after coagulation, lacking clotting factors.

Question 31

Formed elements found in blood include all of the following except _______

Answer 31

plasma ## Footnote Plasma is not a formed element; it is the liquid component of blood.

Question 32

This plasma protein helps maintain water in the blood by osmosis.

Answer 32

Albumin ## Footnote Albumin is a major protein in blood plasma that regulates osmotic pressure.

Question 33

These two kinds of connective tissue make blood cells for the body.

Answer 33

Myeloid and lymphoid ## Footnote Myeloid tissue produces red blood cells, while lymphoid tissue produces lymphocytes.

Question 34

This plasma protein includes antibodies that help protect the body from infection.

Answer 34

Globulin ## Footnote Globulins play a crucial role in immune function.

Question 35

The white blood cell that is responsible for defense against parasites is the _______.

Answer 35

eosinophil ## Footnote Eosinophils are involved in the response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions.

Question 36

The inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body is called _______.

Answer 36

anemia ## Footnote Anemia can result from various factors, including a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Question 37

Which leukocytes are not classified as granular?

Answer 37

Monocytes ## Footnote Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that do not have granules in their cytoplasm.

Question 38

These white blood cells secrete histamine and heparin. What are they?

Answer 38

Basophils ## Footnote Basophils are involved in inflammatory responses and release substances like histamine and heparin.

Question 39

A type of this white blood cell secretes antibodies as part of the immune system. What is it?

Answer 39

Lymphocytes ## Footnote Lymphocytes, particularly B cells, are responsible for producing antibodies.

Question 40

Which blood type is known as the universal donor?

Answer 40

Type O ## Footnote Type O blood can be given to any other blood type without causing an immune response.

Question 41

Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?

Answer 41

Type AB ## Footnote Type AB blood can receive blood from any other type without triggering an immune response.

Question 42

True or False: Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies.

Answer 42

True ## Footnote Type A blood has antibodies that will attack type B antigens.

Question 43

What is true about blood types?

Answer 43

All of these are true of blood types ## Footnote This includes statements about universal donor and recipient statuses, and the presence of antibodies.