Chapter 13: Central Nervous System

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

-C.T. membrane that covers & protects CNS, and protects blood vessels

Question 2

Meninges: Dura Mater

Answer 2

• Leathery, strong meninx of 2 fibrous C.T. layers.

- Layers separate and form Dural sinuses.

Question 3

Meninges: Arachnoid Mater

Answer 3

• Middle meninx which forms a loose brain covering.
• Separates Dura Mater by subdural space.
• Arachnoid villi protrude superiorly and allow CSF to be absorbed into venous blood.

Question 4

Meninges: Pia Mater

Answer 4

• Deep meninx of delicate C.T. that clings to the brain.

- In spinal cord, comprises the denticulate ligaments & the Filum terminale.

Question 5

Cerebrum

Answer 5

• Responsible for the sensory & neural functions

- Initiation & coordination of voluntary movement.

Question 6

Gyri

Answer 6

-Ridges of hemispheres

Question 7

Sulci

Answer 7

-Shallow grooves

Question 8

Fissure

Answer 8

-Deep grooves

Question 9

Insula

Answer 9

-Deep to Frontal Lobe

Question 10

Corpus Callosum

Answer 10

-Connects left & right sides of the brain allowing communication

Question 11

Broca’s Area

Answer 11

• Left Hemisphere (typically)

- Motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue

Question 12

Choroid Plexus

Answer 12

• Clusters of capillaries that form tissue fluid filters
• Have ion pumps that allow them to alter ion concentrations of CSF
• Help cleanse CSF by removing wastes

Question 13

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 13

-Separates left & right hemispheres

Question 14

Lateral Ventricles

Answer 14

• “Horns”
• Communicating network w/in parenchyma
• Home to Choroid Plexuses

Question 15

Interventricular Foramen

Answer 15

• Channels that connect the lateral ventricles

- Connects to third ventricle

Question 16

Third Ventricle

Answer 16

-Contains neurons and fibers that connect the two thalami

Question 17

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 17

-Connects 3rd & 4th ventricles

Question 18

Fourth Ventricle

Answer 18

• Located in Pons or in upper part of Medulla

- Connects 3rd & 4th

Question 19

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 19

• Site of Primary Motor Cortex

- Located in Frontal Lobe

Question 20

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 20

• Primary Somatosensory Cortex (mainly sense of touch)

- Located in Parietal Lobe

Question 21

Central Sulcus/ Central Fissure

Answer 21

-Separates Parietal & Frontal lobes

Question 22

Wernike’s Area

Answer 22

• Comprehension of language

- Located in temporal lobe

Question 23

Basal Nuclei

Answer 23

• Found on both sides of Thalamus
• Responsible for voluntary motor control, learning, & eye movement
• Cognitive & Emotional functions

Question 24

Diencephalon

Answer 24

-Includes Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Epithalamus, & Subthalamus

Question 25

Thalamus

Answer 25

- Center for pain perception - Both sides of 3rd ventricle - b/w cerebral cortex & midbrain

Question 26

Hypothalamus

Answer 26

- Coordinates autonomic nervous system - Controls homeostatic systems - Production of hormones

Question 27

Mammillary Bodies

Answer 27

- Primary relays for impulses that travel through the brain | - Important for forming & recalling memories

Question 28

Infundibulum

Answer 28

- "pituitary stalk" | - Gray matter connecting hypothalamus & posterior pituitary

Question 29

Epithalamus

Answer 29

- Most dorsal portion of Dienchephalon | - Forms roof of 3rd ventricle

Question 30

Pineal Gland

Answer 30

-Secretes Melatonin

Question 31

Brain Stem

Answer 31

- Midbrain, Pons, & Medulla Oblongota - Contains embedded nuclei - Controls automatic behaviors

Question 32

Midbrain

Answer 32

- Relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to pons & sensory impulses from spinal cord to the thalamus - Control of movements

Question 33

Midbrain

Answer 33

-Relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to pons & sensory impulses from spinal cord to the thalamus

Question 34

Cerebral Peduncles

Answer 34

-Two bulging structures that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts

Question 35

Corpora Quadridgemina

Answer 35

- Superior Colliculi: Visual reflex centers | - Inferior Colliculi: Auditory relay centers

Question 36

Pons

Answer 36

- Relays impulses b/w cerebral cortex & cerebellum | - B/w Medulla & Midbrain

Question 37

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 37

- Most inferior part of Brain Stem | - Relays motor & sensory impulses b/w other parts of the brain & the spinal cord

Question 38

Decussation of the pyramids

Answer 38

-Crossover points of the Corticospinal tracts

Question 39

Cerebellum

Answer 39

- Dorsal to Pons & Medulla - Under Occipital Lobe - Receives impulses to initiate voluntary muscle contraction - Language & problem solving

Question 40

Arbor Vitae

Answer 40

-Treelike pattern of cerebellar white matter

Question 41

Folia

Answer 41

-Transversely oriented gyri

Question 42

Gray Matter

Answer 42

- Organized into horns which are actually nuclei | - Collections of neuron cell bodies & their unmyelinated processes in the CNS

Question 43

White Matter

Answer 43

- Collections of axons in CNS - Ascending (sensory) tracts - Descending (motor) tracts

Question 44

Posterior Horns (Gray Matter)

Answer 44

-Cell bodies of interneurons

Question 45

Anterior Horns (Gray Matter)

Answer 45

-Cell bodies of interneurons & somatic motor neurons

Question 46

Lateral Horns (Gray Matter)

Answer 46

-Contain autonomic motor neuron cell bodies

Question 47

Conus Medullaris (Spinal Cord)

Answer 47

-Terminal portion of the spinal cord

Question 48

Filum Terminale (Spinal Cord)

Answer 48

- Fibrous extension of the Pia Mater | - Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 49

Denticulate Ligaments (Spinal Cord)

Answer 49

- Delicate shelves of Pia Mater | - Attach the spinal cord to the vertebrae

Question 50

Spinal Nerves

Answer 50

-31 pairs attach to the cord by paired roots

Question 51

Cauda Equina (Spinal Cord)

Answer 51

-Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal