Chapter 13: community nursing process and assessments

Question 1

geopolitical boundaries

Answer 1

both physical environment and districts/legal jurisdictions

Question 2

aggregate communities

Answer 2

groups of people with common interests

Question 3

community functions that must be provided

Answer 3

infrastructure, employment/income, security, participation, linkages

Question 4

community functions are supported by..

Answer 4

community dynamics

Question 5

3 interactive community dynamics

Answer 5

communication, leadership, decision making

Question 6

vertical communication

Answer 6

links communities to other larger communities

Question 7

horizontal communication

Answer 7

connects community to work with its own members

Question 8

diagonal communication

Answer 8

reinforces horizontal and vertical communication

Question 9

formal leaders

Answer 9

elected official politicians

Question 10

informal leaders

Answer 10

individuals with prominent positions within the community

Question 11

formal leaders use what to make decisions for the community..

Answer 11

government policies

Question 12

informal leaders use what to make decisions for the community…

Answer 12

status to influence groups and effect change

Question 13

community as a partner model

Answer 13

2 main attributes are community and the nursing process; focuses on the people and stressors of community in order to implement efficient and purposeful interventions
- components of a community assessment
- lines of defence and resistance

Question 14

epidemiologic framework

Answer 14

host-environment-agent; examines frequency and distribution of disease, health, and social conditions
- use of web of causation
- what, who, where, when, why, how

Question 15

capacity building framework

Answer 15

allows community members to take responsibility for their own development; focus is on strengthening
- involves health promotion initiatives
- community asset mapping

Question 16

community asset mapping

Answer 16

outlines assets and capacity of a community by identifying strengths and resources

Question 17

community health promotional model

Answer 17

goal is to apply health promotion strategies to achieve collaboration and sustainable health outcomes
- planning, intervention, evaluation
- holistic approach to promote health and attain higher quality community life

Question 18

social determinants of health

Answer 18

employment, housing, food, education, childhood years, workplace safety, social inclusion, access to health systems

Question 19

environmental scan (type of community assessment)

Answer 19

windshield survey; driving around the neighbourhood using 5 senses in order to help connect people with resources in their environment
- best done at 2 different times of day and on different days of the week

Question 20

needs assessment (type of community assessment)

Answer 20

based on appropriate and cost effective services that meet needs and deficits, not desires and wants
- includes investigation and determination of resources

Question 21

problem investigation (type of community assessment)

Answer 21

conducted in response to concern
- investigate occurence and distribution, root causes, effects
- develop responsive plans

Question 22

resource evaluation (type of community assessment)

Answer 22

includes assessment and evaluation of existing community services
- who, what, where, outcome; PISO
- PISO; population, intervention, setting, outcome

Question 23

community history (component of community assessment)

Answer 23

understanding past allows understanding of root cause

Question 24

population (component of community assessment)

Answer 24

composition, at risk, trends in growth or decline, density

Question 25

population definition

Answer 25

group of people or aggregates residing within boundaries of a community

Question 26

group definition

Answer 26

two or more people

Question 27

aggregate

Answer 27

group of people with common interests

Question 28

target population definiton

Answer 28

population of which a nursing intervention is intended for

Question 29

population at risk definition

Answer 29

group of individuals with a high risk of developing illness

Question 30

priority/vulnerable population definition

Answer 30

people who are disadvantaged or vulnerable to health inequity

Question 31

boundaries (component of community assessment)

Answer 31

where target population exists; healthy communities have permeable boundaries

Question 32

physical boundaries

Answer 32

include geographic boundaries

Question 33

artificial boundaries

Answer 33

include political boundaries and situational boundaries

Question 34

environments (component of community assessment)

Answer 34

contribute to quality of life through biological/chemical characteristics and physical characteristics

Question 35

socioeconomic environment (component of community assessment)

Answer 35

strong social network provides opportunities and helps to build relationships

Question 36

income and social status (component of community assessment)

Answer 36

most important determinant of health; contribute significantly to physical health

Question 37

employment and working conditions (component of community assessment)

Answer 37

people who are employed and work in safe environments live longer and are more stress free

Question 38

social supports and networks (component of community assessment)

Answer 38

positive relationships improve health status

Question 39

diversity and social inclusion (component of community assessment)

Answer 39

when people feel they belong they reach their full potential as contributing society members

Question 40

education (component of community assessment)

Answer 40

provides necessary life and technical skills leading to health and prosperity

Question 41

community surveys (method for community data collection)

Answer 41

capture broad range data in a short period of time by providing questions addressing issues and populations being studied - provides snapshot

Question 42

community forums (method for community data collection)

Answer 42

public meetings where members discuss concerns and share experiences with decision makers - inexpensive

Question 43

focus groups (method for community data collection)

Answer 43

useful for in depth information when surveys fail to serve their purpose - participants are usually more homogenous

Question 44

risk definition

Answer 44

probability that a healthy person exposed to a specific factor will acquire a specific disease

Question 45

risk assessment

Answer 45

identify target peoples who are likely to contract a particular disease and assess attributes that affect their health

Question 46

community analysis relies on..

Answer 46

understanding of how social determinants interact and impact community health

Question 47

4 components of community nursing diagnosis

Answer 47

- aggregate or target group - healthy or unhealthy responses - etiology - characteristics

Question 48

5 principles of primary healthcare

Answer 48

accessibility, health promotion, intersectoral cooperation, appropriate technology, public transportation

Question 49

population-focused health promotion strategies include..

Answer 49

advocacy for healthy public policy, community action strengthening, and creation of supportive environments

Question 50

community participatory approach for planning

Answer 50

collaboration between members and stakeholders helps to decide what needs to become a priority and actions to take

Question 51

community participatory tools help to do what..

Answer 51

quantify and qualify health issues, needs, or concerns

Question 52

community needs matrix tool

Answer 52

helps to identify what is perceived to be the most important health problem or most feasible interventions

Question 53

community governance

Answer 53

decision making process where management and leadership are taken by community stakeholders to meet needs and priorities

Question 54

3 community skills that must be encompassed by community governance

Answer 54

engaging citizens measuring results, getting things done

Question 55

community development

Answer 55

intended to strengthen community and begins with a need for change

Question 56

community development focuses on..

Answer 56

consensus building

Question 57

community mobilization

Answer 57

few individuals taking action to generate solutions and eventually involves larger community

Question 58

role of CHN's

Answer 58

make ethical decisions while advocating for human equality - goal is to achieve optimal health for all