Chapter 13 - DNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
I get that this is the first part of the first part of unit 6, but I don't feel like dealing with that presently (142 cards)
Go from smol to big - genome, nucleosome, chromosome, histone, gene, base pair, DNA
Genome is all genetic info
Genome is made of chromosomes are made up of nucleosomes are made of DNA around histones, DNA has genes in its segments and contains base pairs
Why did the scientists think proteins could be responsible for heredity?
Have great heterogeneity (diverse) and specificity of function
Also they didn’t know ship about nucleic acids
What is transformation according to Griffith?
Change in geno and pheno due to assimilation of external DNA by a cell
How did Griffith’s experiment prove there’s genetic material in living organisms?
He stuck some S bacteria into a rat with R bacteria and the R bacteria became S bacteria and he tried again with dead S bacteria and it was the same story so there was an inheritable thing that could be picked up
What is a bacteriophage?
Bacteria eating/infecting virus
How did Hershey and Chase label viral DNA protein in their experiment?
Radioactive isotope of sulfur to tag protein, radioactive isotope of phosphorus to tag DNA (bc chons chonp) so they could see what was being tracked and where it was
What were Hershey and Chase trying to find out in their experiment?
Is DNA hereditary material or protein?
What was the Hershey Chase experiment?
Added radioactivity tagged phages to cells to see whether DNA or Protein was incorporated (did 2 runs, added mix, blender to agitate and centrifuge, measured where radioactivity was (in liquid or pellet (cells were in pellet))
What led Hershey and Chase to conclude that DNA was in fact hereditary material (at least in some cells)?
It was incorporated into the cells while the protein (sulfur) stayed out and then the Ecoli released phages containing some radioactive phosphorus, so the DNA had an ongoing role
Who built the first model of DNA and shared the 1962 nobel prize for discovering its structure?
James Watson and Francis Crick
How did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contribute to the discovery of the double helix?
Rosalind Franklin made an X-Ray diffraction image of DNA, Maurice let Watson and Crick use her lab and supplied the image. Watson (or Crick?) looked at it and was like yeah, that looks pretty helical to me
What are nucleotides made of?
5-c sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base (which changes between nucleotides - A,T,C,G, sometimes U)
Why do A + T and G + C bind together, structure wise?
Purines must bond with pyrimidines, so if you think of “Cut The Pye” or “PURe As Gold”, you can’t have C+T or G+A. Otherwise, the structure of G and C are made to form 3 h bonds, while A and T only form 2.
What is a purine?
Nitrogen base. Has 2 rings. Pure as gold.
What is a pyrimidine?
Nitrogen base w/ 1 ring. Cut The Pye.
Which base is only found in RNA?
Uracil
If a fly has 23% A dna, what are the other percentages?
23% T, 100-46=54, 27% G 27% C
What does A stand for? (dna)
Adenine
What does T stand for? (dna)
Thymine
What does C stand for? (dna)
Cytosine
What does G stand for? (dna)
Guanine
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate
What makes up the rungs of DNA?
Nitrogenous bases
How to tell A from C from G from T with a picture and no letters?
Pyrimidine or purine
how many bonds does it make
If you don’t see that look for a =O in C and G