chapter 13-Endocrine system

Question 1

where is GnRH- Gonadotropin releasing hormone formed and its function

Answer 1

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH

Question 2

where is TRH formed and what does it do

Answer 2

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete T3 and T4 thyroid hormones

Question 3

where is GHRH formed and what does it do

Answer 3

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone (GH)

Question 4

hormones that directly act on their target organs

Answer 4

direct hormones

Question 5

hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones

Answer 5

topical hormones

Question 6

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes maturation of ovarian follicles which in turn secrete estrogen and in men stimulates the seminiferous tubules and sperm production

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

is FSH a direct or topical hormone

Answer 7

topical

Question 8

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum and regulates progesterone in women and in men stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes for synthesis of testosterone

Answer 8

LH

Question 9

is LH a direct or topical hormone

Answer 9

topical

Question 10

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary but stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocortioicds and regulates CRF

Answer 10

Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH)

Question 11

is Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH) topical or direct

Answer 11

topical

Question 12

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production in female mammary glands

Answer 12

prolactin

Question 13

what NT is formed in the anterior pituitary have pain relieving properties

Answer 13

endorphins

Question 14

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary promote bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis an lipid mobilization and catabolism

Answer 14

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 15

where is MSH ( melanocyte-stimulating hormone) produced

Answer 15

anterior pituitary

Question 16

where is oxycontin produced and where is it stored

Answer 16

produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 17

which hormones function is to increase the strength and frequency of uterine muscle contraction

Answer 17

oxytocin

Question 18

what kind of feedback loop does oxytocin have

Answer 18

positive

Question 19

where is ADH produced and where is it stored

Answer 19

hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 20

where is ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone) produced and what results from its stimulation

Answer 20

it is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones called adrenocortical steroids

Question 21

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens are the 3 major classes of what type of hormones and where are they produced

Answer 21

corticosteroids and in the adrenal cortex

Question 22

what are the mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone) stimulated by and inhibited by

Answer 22

angiotensin II and inhibit bed ANP

Question 23

where is androgen produced and its function

Answer 23

in the adrenal cortex and in women it gives them masculizing effect

Question 24

where is epinephrine produced and what is its function

Answer 24

adrenal medulla and function is to increase the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle cells causing an increase in blood glucose levels and increase in basal metabolic rate
- it will inhibit the function of digestion

Question 25

what hormones increase the rate and strength of the heartbeat and dilate and constrict blood vessel so that there is an increase in blood supply to the skeletal muscle, heart and brain while decreasing the blood supply to the kidneys skin and digestive tract and release of lipids in adipose tissue

Answer 25

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

what are the 2 functions of the thyroid

Answer 26

1) metabolism regulation including growth for children through T3 and T4 2) regulation of blood Ca levels through the release of Calcitonin

Question 27

what is hypothyroidism + symptoms

Answer 27

the thyroid hormone is under secreted or not secreted at all symptoms: slowed heart & respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain

Question 28

what is hyperthyroidism + symptoms

Answer 28

thyroid is overstimulated =oversecretiion of thyroid hormone symptoms: increased metabolic rate, excessive warmth, profuse sweating, palpitations, weight loss, protruding eyes

Question 29

what does calcitonin do

Answer 29

decreases plasma Ca concentration by inhibiting the release of Ca from bone and promoting the storage of Ca in bone

Question 30

what is parathyroid hormone and where is it released

Answer 30

produced in the parathyroid gland and it regulates plasma Ca concentration by raising Ca excretion in the kidney

Question 31

alpha cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___

Answer 31

glucagon

Question 32

beta cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___

Answer 32

insulin

Question 33

what type of hormone is glucagon

Answer 33

peptide hormone

Question 34

when is glucagon released and what does it stimulate

Answer 34

when blood glucose levels are low and it stimulates protein and fate degradation, the conversion of glycogen to glucose and gluconeogenesis all of which serve to increase blood glucose levels

Question 35

what type of hormone is insulin

Answer 35

peptide hormone

Question 36

when is insulin released and what does it stimulate

Answer 36

it is secreted when blood glucose levels are high, it acts as a glucose transporter on the cell membrane of liver, muscle and adipose tissue =uptake of glucose

Question 37

what is hyperglycemia

Answer 37

high blood glucose level

Question 38

what endocrine disorder results from underproduction of insulin or insensitivity to insulin

Answer 38

diabetes mellitus

Question 39

what type of diabetes is most common

Answer 39

type II

Question 40

which type of diabetes as no plasma insulin

Answer 40

type I

Question 41

which type of diabetes is hereditary

Answer 41

type iI

Question 42

which type of diabetes caused obesity

Answer 42

type II

Question 43

what is EPO ( erythropoietin) and where is it produced

Answer 43

a glycoprotein and the kidneys produce it it stimulates RBC production

Question 44

what is renin

Answer 44

an enzyme that converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 45

what releases secretin and what does it secrete

Answer 45

small intestine when acidic chyme enters from the stomach secretin secretes an alkaline bicarbonate solution from the pancreas to neutralize it

Question 46

what release gastrin and what does it do

Answer 46

stomach releases gastrin and it stimulates the gastric glands to secret HCl in response to food in the stomach

Question 47

what hormone secreted by the pineal gland plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm

Answer 47

melatonin