Chapter 13- Heart and Circulation

Question 1

Interruption of blood to brain for 8 seconds

Answer 1

unconsciousness

Question 2

Result of lack of O2 (cardiac arrest) for 6 minutes.

Answer 2

Brain death

Question 3

L and R atria receive ________ blood and pump it into ________.

Answer 3

venous; ventricles

Question 4

______ Artrium and _______ ventricle are apart of systemic circulation.

_______ Atrium and ________ ventricle are apart of pulmonary circulation.

Answer 4

Left; left –> systemic

Right; right –> pulmonary

Question 5

Systemic circulation

Answer 5

left atrium (oxygenated blood) –> left ventricle –> aorta –> arteries –> arterioles —> peripheral (systemic) capillaries –> (deoxygenated blood) –> veins –> vena cava –> right atrium

Question 6

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 6

right atrium (deoxy blood) –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> pulmonary arterioles –> pulmonary capillaries for gas exchange (oxygenated blood) –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium

Question 7

The flow rate through systemic circulation _______ flow rate through pulmonary circulation.

Answer 7

equals

Question 8

Cardiac valves allow the circulation to be ________.

Answer 8

one-directional

Question 9

Atrioventricular valves (AV)

Answer 9

Tricuspid valve and Mitral (bicuspid)

Allow blood to flow from atria to ventricles

Question 10

Semilunar valves

Answer 10

Aortic and pulmonic

Allow blood to leave the ventricles to enter either pulmonary or systemic circulation

Question 11

What is it called when ventricles contract

Answer 11

Systole

Question 12

Systole

Answer 12

ejection of blood to arteries when ventricles contract

Question 13

What is it called when ventricles relax

Answer 13

diastole

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

filling of blood in the ventricles from the atria.

When ventricles relax

Question 15

During diastole ___ blood is ejected out of heart

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Basic structure of blood vessels

Answer 16

Vascular lumen- hollow portion, allows blood flow

1. Tunica interna (intima)– endothelium and elastic layer
2. Tunica media – smooth muscle and connective tissues
3. Tunica externa (adventitia)– prevent overstretching

Question 17

________ regulates the diameter of vascular lumen.

Answer 17

Smooth muscle

Question 18

Do arteries or veins have more smooth muscle?

Answer 18

artieries

Question 19

Are veins or arteries narrower in diameter? Which has a larger lumen?

Answer 19

Arteries

Veins have larger lumen

Question 20

________ do not contain smooth muscle and elastic fibers; ________ do not contain smooth muscle.

Answer 20

Capillaries; venules

Question 21

Elastic arteries include ______ and _______ artery.

These are the largest in _______ but walls are relatively _______.

They function as _______ _________.

They help propel blood forward during __________.

Answer 21

Aorta and Pulmonary

Largest in diameter, but thin walls

pressure reservoir

Propel blood forward during systole

Question 22

Muscular arteries include _____ and _____.

Contains more ________ and fewer _______ than elastic arteries.

Answer 22

large and mid-sized arteries

More smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers

Question 23

Arterioles are affected by ______ stimulation and local chemical mediators.

Vasoconstriction can raise ________.

What cells are adrenergic receptors on?

What paracrine signaling molecule causes vasodilation?

Answer 23

sympathetic stimulation

Vasoconstriction raises blood pressure.

Adrenergic receptors are on smooth muscle cells.

Vasodilation is caused by nitric oxide.

Question 24

Capillaries connect _______ and _______.

It is the _______ blood vessel that consists of _______ cells and ________ membrane. There are _____ on the endothelium.

They do NOT contain _______.

Answer 24

Capillaries connect arterioles and venules.

Smallest blood vessel.

Consists of endothelial cells and basement membrane.

There are pores on endothelium

DO NOT CONTAIN SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 25

Functions of capillaries

Answer 25

1) Gas exchange (O2 and CO2) 2) Fluid exchange (blood plasma <-> intersrtitial fluid) 3) The exchange of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes etc.

Question 26

Veins and Venules have _____ walls than arteries, _____ smooth muscle, and _____ lumens.

Answer 26

thinner walls, less smooth muscle, and larger lumens

Question 27

Key functions of veins and venules is to adjust _____ return of blood to ___ atrium.

Answer 27

Venous blood -> right atrium

Question 28

Veins contain ______ because of the low blood pressure (~ mmHg).

Answer 28

valves (~6 mmHg)

Question 29

Skeletal muscle pump includes rhythmic _____- and _______ of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins to ______ blood return to the right atrium.

Answer 29

relations and contractions to increase blood return to right atrium

Question 30

Starting with the interstitial fluid, trace the path of lymphatic fluid until it rejoins the venous systemic blood supply. What are some primary purposes of the lymphatic system?

Answer 30

Lymphatic capillaries --> lymph ducts --> thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct --> subclavian veins --> vena cava --> right atrium