Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex Flashcards
(44 cards)
Exocrine glands release their chemicals into _________, which carry them to their targets. Endocrine glands release their chemicals directly into __________________.
A. the posterior pituitary; the anterior pituitary
B. the anterior pituitary; the posterior pituitary
C. the circulatory system; ducts
D. ducts; the circulatory system
d
After copulation, a sperm cell may fertilize an ovum to form a cell called a(n):
A. zygote.
B. fetus.
C. embryo.
D. child cell.
a
__________________ is a pituitary tropic hormone that travels through the circulatory system to the gonads, where it stimulates the release of gonadal hormones.
A. Testosterone
B. Gonadotropin
C. Oxytocin
D. Vasopressin
b
Hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the:
A. tubuloglomerular feedback system.
B. paraventricular nuclei.
C. hypothalamopituitary portal system.
D. vasomotor system.
c
One consequence of ________________ is that there are often large minute-to-minute fluctuations in the levels of circulating hormones.
A. neural signals
B. the stress response
C. exocrine function
D. pulsatile hormone release
d
In the seventh week after conception, the ___________ gene on the Y chromosome of the male triggers the synthesis of ____________ protein.
A. testicular; testicular
B. Sry; testicular
C. ovarian; ovarian
D. Sry; Sry
d
If Sry protein were injected into a genetic female fetus 6 weeks after conception, the fetus would develop into a genetic _____ with ______.
A. female; ovaries
B. female; neither testes nor ovaries
C. female; testes
D. male; ovaries
c
In the third month of male fetal development, the developing testes secrete:
A. progesterone.
B. Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
C. estradiol.
D. oxytocin.
b
Surgical removal of the gonads—either the testes or the ovaries—is called:
A. castration.
B. oophorectomy.
C. ovariectomy.
D. orchidectomy.
a
____________________ triggers the growth of pubic and axillary hair in females.
A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Estradiol
D. Androstenedione
d
In the classic experiments of Pfeiffer, gonadectomizing neonatal rats of either genetic sex caused them to develop into adults with the ____________________________. In contrast, transplantation of testes into gonadectomized or intact female neonatal rats caused them to develop into adults with the ________________________.
A. female cyclic pattern of gonadotropin release; steady male pattern of gonadotropin release
B. female cyclic pattern of oxytocin release; steady male pattern of oxytocin release
C. steady male pattern of oxytocin release; female cyclic pattern of oxytocin release
D. steady male pattern of gonadotropin release; female cyclic pattern of gonadotropin release
a
Aromatization refers to the process of converting ______________ to ________________.
A. testosterone; estradiol
B. testosterone; androstenedione
C. androstenedione; testosterone
D. estradiol; testosterone
a
Although research on the development of sex differences in the brain is still in its infancy, one important principle has emerged:
A. Brains are not masculinized or feminized as a whole.
B. Brains are either masculine or feminine.
C. All differences between the brains of human males and females are controlled by neonatal hormones.
D. There are no substantial differences between the brains of human males and females.
a
Perinatal exposure to testosterone often __________________ a genetic female’s adult reproductive behavior.
A. masculinizes and feminizes
B. feminizes and demasculinizes
C. masculinizes and defeminizes
D. defeminizes and demasculinizes
c
Which condition is MORE likely in human males than females?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. dyslexia
C. depression
D. anxiety
b
Androgen insensitivity syndrome results from:
A. a mutation of the gene for the androgen receptor.
B. excessive estrogen levels.
C. a lack of circulating androgens.
D. aromatization.
a
Which of these is the MOST common atypical form of sexual development?
A. androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. ablatio clitoris
C. ablatio penis
D. adrenogenital syndrome
d
Which condition results from a congenital deficiency in the release of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A. androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. hypocortisolimia
D. ablatio penis
b
An important generalization drawn from Bremer’s (1959) classic study is that inhuman males, castration always leads to:
A. a reduction in sexual interest and behavior.
B. a total elimination of sexual interest and behavior.
C. no major reductions in sexual interest and behavior.
D. an immediate reduction in sexual interest but no changes in behaviors.
a
Because testosterone is the major testicular hormone, the major symptoms of orchidectomy have been attributed to the loss of testosterone. The therapeutic effects of _______________ have confirmed this assumption.
A. lordosis
B. surgical reconstruction of the gonads
C. castration
D. replacement injections
d
In sexually mature female rats and guinea pigs, ________ is a period of 12 to 18 hours during which the female is fertile, receptive, proceptive, and sexually attractive.
A. hirsutism
B. ovulation
C. estrus
D. amenorrhea
c
With respect to hormones, the sexual drive of human females seems to reflect:
A. neither testosterone nor estradiol
B. testosterone but not estradiol
C. both estradiol and testosterone
D. estradiol but not testosterone
b
Males taking anabolic steroids often experience:
A. androgenesis.
B. amenorrhea.
C. gynecomastia.
D.testicular growth.
c
In humans, activity in the ______________ is suppressed during orgasm.
A. hypothalamus
B. amygdala
C. striatum
D. prefrontal cortex
d
