chapter 13 - how populations evolve

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

the heritable changes in populations over generations that made diversity

Question 2

creationism

Answer 2

god created life that means perfect no changes

Question 3

George’s Buffon’s Theory

Answer 3

fossil species could be ancient versions on similar living species

Question 4

Jean Baptiste Lamarck ( theory of inquiried characteristics)

Answer 4

Characteristics acquired due to environmental pressures

Question 5

Charles Lyell ( theory of Uniformitarianism )

Answer 5

very slow and subtle processes cause substantial change

Question 6

what are Darwin’s Observations

Answer 6

plants and animals in temps in American similar to tropical regions in souther continent

Question 7

what are the 2 points on the origin of species

Answer 7

evolution is the basis of life’s diversity and natural selection cause of evolution

Question 8

what are the 3 observation to prove natural selection as the mechanism for evolution

Answer 8

Overproduction, individual variation, adaption

Question 9

what are the 3 inferences based on the 3 observations

Answer 9

struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, gradual change in the population

Question 10

natural selection

Answer 10

differntial survival and reproduction of some individuals in population and death without issue of others

Question 11

what are the requirements of natural selection

Answer 11

genetic variation, inheritance, resource competition, differential reproductive success

Question 12

evidence of evolution

Answer 12

biogeography, fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology

Question 13

Biogeography

Answer 13

study of the geographic distribution of species

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

how species evolved from the found fossil

Question 15

comparative anatomy

Answer 15

same anatomy and different function suggesting common ancestor

Question 16

molecular biology

Answer 16

similarity genetic code

Question 17

modern synthesis

Answer 17

fusion of genetics with evolutionary biology

Question 18

what are the main points of modern synthesis

Answer 18

population is the smallest unit that can evolve, natural selection is the main mechanism for evolution, small changes accumulate over time bring lagging changes

Question 19

Population Genetics

Answer 19

study of genetic variations in a population

Question 20

how sexual recombination ?

Answer 20

meiosis, random fertilization

Question 21

what bring genetic variation in population

Answer 21

sexual recombination, mutations

Question 22

how do you track a population over time

Answer 22

analyzing gene pool(all alleles of all the individuals in population)

Question 23

Hardy Weinberg Principle

Answer 23

allele frequencies of population in equilibrium remain constant from generation to generation

Question 24

5 conditions for the HW Principle to hold true

Answer 24

must be large in size, isolated from other populations, no mutations, mating must be random, natural selection can’t take place

Question 25

what are the 3 types if natural selection ?

Answer 25

Stabilizing , directional, disruptive

Question 26

Stabilizing

Answer 26

when the average phenotype is favored more than extremes

Question 27

directional

Answer 27

when the extreme pheontype is favored over the average

Question 28

geneflow

Answer 28

introduction of genes in population due to migration of fertile individuals

Question 29

genetic drift

Answer 29

change in allele frequenues of a population due to chance alone

Question 30

what are the types of genetic drift

Answer 30

bottleneck and founder effect

Question 31

bottleneck

Answer 31

dramatic reduction in genetic diversity of population resulting from an ecological crisis that wipes out most members

Question 32

founder effect

Answer 32

establishment of a new population by very few individuals that migrate to a new environment