Chapter 13: Infectious Disease Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is the main cause of death?
infectious disease
Antibiotic
chemical that works by killing or preventing bacteria growth.
Antibiotic resistance
lessened sensibility to the effects of that antibiotic.
Two factors that are believed to account for resistance
1) Frequency with which resistant genes arise naturally among bacteria, through mutation.
2) Extent of antibiotic use.
Four leading causes of global infectious disease mortality:
1) Pneumonia: infection of lungs or lower respiratory tract. (viral or bacterial)
2) Diarrhea: kills about 1.5 million children/yr.
3) Tuberculosis: infectious bacteria in the lungs, worlds most common infectious disease.
4) Malaria: mosquito bites
Fomites
Objects where bacteria can live.
Infection
disease or condition caused by microorganism.
Stages in infection
1) Incubation period(no symptoms)
2) Prodromal Period: vague sense of not well being
3) Invasive phase: full-brown illness
4) Acme: Peak of disease
5) Decline phase: symptoms brought under control
6) Convalescent period: body is repairing damage
7) Sequelae: remaining symptoms the body can’t repair.
Chain of infection
Susceptible Host» Infectious agent» Reservoir»Portal of Exit» mode of transmission» Portal of entry» Susceptible host
Risk Factors for infection
Controllable: Eating a balanced diet, Exercising, Managing stress properly, getting enough sleep, receiving vaccinations when available.
Uncontrollable: Age, undergoing surgical procedures, having chronic diseases, genetic predispositions, sociocultural issues, overcrowded living conditions, poverty.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
- infection predominantly though sexual contact.
- Sexually transmitted infection(STI)
Primary pathogens
viruses & Bacterial
Infectious diseases on campus:
Pertussis(whooping cough): infection of the respiratory tract that is highly contagious.
Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: infection from a common bacterium carried on the skin or int he noses of healthy people.
Urinary tract infections: most common bacterial infection in women.
Bile and enzymes:
break down pathogens in small intestines.
Vagina is slightly acidic:
discouraging the growth of abnormal bacteria.
Innate immune system:
part of the immune system designed to rapidly dispose of pathogens in a nonspecific manner.
Acquired immune system:
part of the immune system that recognizes specific targets.
Natural killer cells:
(Innate immune system). white blood cells that recognized and destroy virus infected cells or those that have become cancerous.
Neutrophils and macrophages:
(Innate immune system). white blood cells that travel to areas of infection or tissue damage and digest damaged cells, foreign particles and bacteria.
Lymphocycles
(Acquired immune system) white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
T cells:
(Acquired immune system). Type of lymphocyte that monitor events.
Helper T cells:
“read” cells infection messages and trigger production of killer T cells and B cells.
Suppressor T cells
Slow down and half the immune response when the threat has been handled.’
Killer T cells
attack and kill foreign cells and infected body cells.
