Chapter 13 Islam

Question 1

hadith

Answer 1

interprets the Quran and how it affects the way you live your life

Question 2

umma

Answer 2

community of the faithful

Question 3

hijra

Answer 3

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina

Question 4

omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent

Answer 4

Allah was …. all knowing, everywhere, all powerful

Question 5

sharia

Answer 5

islamic law (strict behavioral expectations)

Question 6

caliph

Answer 6

successor of Muhammad

leader of the Umma

Question 7

sunni

Answer 7

majority

Question 8

shia

Answer 8

believed every caliph should descend from Ali

Question 9

dar-al-islam

Answer 9

world of Islam

Question 10

ulama

Answer 10

religious scholars

Question 11

sultan

Answer 11

turkish leader of the islamic region

Question 12

madrasa

Answer 12

secular or religious educational institution

Question 13

natural reason

Answer 13

islamic people did not believe that religion contradicts science

Question 14

qadis

Answer 14

islamic judges

Question 15

sufi

Answer 15

• group of missionaries and islamic mystics

- did not find formal religious teachings to be especially meaningful

Question 16

quran

Answer 16

holy book; revelations of Muhammad

Question 17

jihad

Answer 17

internal struggle

Question 18

was Muhammad monotheistic or polytheistic?

Answer 18

monotheistic

Question 19

Abraham was the ….

Answer 19

founder of the three main monotheistic religions

Question 20

Mecca was…

Answer 20

an important economic center

Question 21

what differentiated tribal communities?

Answer 21

were less patriarchal, women had prominent roles

Question 22

true/false: every single person was essential in a tribal community

Answer 22

true

Question 23

divine unity was…

Answer 23

• more than monotheism: had one idol

- no more tribal divisions, brought everyone together as one

Question 24

muslim

Answer 24

one that submits to god

Question 25

did the Quran support images of Allah?

Answer 25

no, did not consent on religious depictions of Allah

Question 26

what was the hardest part to believe about the Quran?

Answer 26

rebirth and idea of eternal damnation for breaking islamic laws

Question 27

what year started the muslim calendar and what started it?

Answer 27

622; Muhammad's migration to Medina

Question 28

what did Muhammad destroy in Mecca?

Answer 28

destroyed the idols therefore destroying the independent order of tribes

Question 29

which city fell into despair after Muhammad's death?

Answer 29

Medina

Question 30

five pillars of islam:

Answer 30

1) Muslims must acknowledge Allah as the only god and Muhammad as his prophet. 2) They must pray to Allah daily while facing Mecca. 3) They must observe a fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan. 4) They must contribute alms for the relief of the weak and poor. 5) Those who are physically and financially able must undertake the hajj and make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca.

Question 31

Abu Bakra was.. (4)

Answer 31

head of state for Islamic community, chief judge, religious leader, and military commander

Question 32

what caused a dramatic expansion of Islam?

Answer 32

when Muslim armies attacked Byzantine and Sassanid (both were worn out from struggle with each other)

Question 33

what was an advantage of the Umayyad central capital?

Answer 33

allowed for maintaining better communication with the vast and expanding Islamic region

Question 34

what caused the decline of the Umayyad?

Answer 34

caliphs devoted themselves increasingly to luxury and less to zealous leadership of the umma

Question 35

Abu al-Abbas was...

Answer 35

- 1st of Abbasid dynasty | - allied readily with Shias and with Muslims who were not Arabs

Question 36

abassid dynasty

Answer 36

- no longer conquering, but empire grew culturally | - did not show special favor to military aristocracy

Question 37

what did ulama's and quads' ensure in Baghdad?

Answer 37

ensured widespread observance of Islamic values

Question 38

Harun al-Rashid was...

Answer 38

- high point of Abbasid dynasty | - distributed money to poor, provided liberal support for artists, etc.

Question 39

what caused the decline of the Abassid?

Answer 39

-civil war between Harun's sons governors rebelled and built -increased their power by building own power bases -uprisings and peasant rebellions weakened dynasty

Question 40

what was good about transplanted crops?

Answer 40

are well in high heat; were able to grow year-round

Question 41

what encouraged experimentation with agricultural methods?

Answer 41

travel and communication

Question 42

what "new" industry arose during agricultural and urban boom? what did it facilitate?

Answer 42

- paper industry | - facilitated keeping of administrative and commercial records

Question 43

why did dynasty rulers maintain travel roads?

Answer 43

they provided splendid routes for militate forces and administrative officials

Question 44

why were camels ideal for trade travel?

Answer 44

they could endure the rigors of the desert and could carry heavy loads

Question 45

what did banks do in the Islamic empire? (3)

Answer 45

- lent money to entrepreneurs - served as brokers - exchanged different currencies

Question 46

how did Islamic law protect entrepreneurs?

Answer 46

provided security by explicitly recognizing certain forms of business organization

Question 47

veiling women was a sign of...

Answer 47

modesty; male dominance

Question 48

what did Muhammad give hope for?

Answer 48

gave hope to something after life (salvation)

Question 49

Al-Ghazali...

Answer 49

- persian theologist | - argued that human reason was too frail to understand nature of Allah