Chapter 13: Jacksonian Democracy Flashcards
(28 cards)
Jeffersonian Democracy
The government should be governed as little as possible. Government for the people
Jacksonian democracy
Government should be done directly by the people
What happened between 1810 and 1821?
10 states either gave all white men the right to vote or lowered voting restrictions. The south was the last to offer full voting rights
What did voters demand in Jacksonian democracy? Where was his idea later written by the historian Frederick Jackson Turner?
Boaters demanded politicians that represent the common people’s needs. This idea was later written in “The significance of the frontier on American history “(1893)
What were the causes of the new democracy?
- The panic of 1819 where average workers and farmers blamed bankers and land speculation for their problems.
- The Missouri compromise where Missouri became a slave state and Maine became a free state and also established the 36° 30° line. It was proposed by Henry Clay
- The two-party system was born once again and embodied the Whigs and the Democrats
What happened in the election of 1824? What was the corrupt bargain?
- In the election of 1824 there were four candidates their names were Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and William crawford
- In the election no one won a majority vote so by the 12th amendment the boat was taken to the house of representatives. Henry Clay who was famous for hating Andrew Jackson used his influence as a representative of the House of Representatives to get The house to vote for John Quincy Adams. As John Quincy Adams was elected and henry Clay appointed secretary of state, Andrew Jackson was outraged as he believed that there had been a corrupt bargain. This corrupt bargain increase sectionalism that fractured the Republican Party
What was the tariff of abominations?
- Congress had increased the tariff of 1824 from 23% to 37%
- Southerners hated the tariff as the tariff benefited northern companies and damage the economies of southern farmers because they traded with British merchants who also raise tariffs in their country leading to low economical activity.
- In spite of these events John C Calhoun wrote in the South Carolina exposition that the tariff was unjust and was unconstitutional as he believed that states should nullify the Tariff. Only South Carolina took part
Who won the election of 1828?
Andrew Jackson beat John Quincy Adams for reelection by 178 electoral votes compared to 83. Jackson was the first president from the west who was seen as the common man
What did Andrew Jackson believe and what did he see to do?
One – he symbolize the increasing power of the west. He saw the government I was out of touch with common people. He thought to reduce the role of the federal government in favor of states rights, although he was a strong unionist who believed in federal supremacy
- Jackson was rather arrogant and defied both Congress and the preen court rulings and was referred to as king Andrew for having beaded more legislations then all of his predecessors combined
- Manhood suffrage was also increased
What was the spoil system and when was it used?
The spoil system was a way of avoiding political supporters with public office once the presidential candidate was elected into office. It had a few drawbacks as often I’m prepared and corrupt individuals were put into a place of power.
Martin Van Buren was the main architect of the spoil system
When Jackson was elected president he replaced staff of John Quincy Adams with loyal Jacksonians in office.
What were Jackson’s informal advisors called? What did they do?
The kitchen cabinet was an unofficial group of friends who gave the president advice.
There was a problem as otherwise of the cabinet members refused to eat or talk with Peggy Eaton who was referred to as an adulterous
John Calhoun in spite of these events and much more goes home and becomes a hard core states guy who helps divide the nation
What was the nullification controversy of 1832 and what happened in it?
South Carolina was upset with a tariff of 1832 so it decided to nullify a federal law
They became so paranoid that South Carolina threaten to just to secede if Jackson collected the Tariff
In reaction to this Andrew Jackson sent troops to South Carolina to calm down these people. Henry Clay in order to establish please propose a compromise that the Terra Woods Slobey be lowered over time in percentages.
To prevent future problems Congress passed the fourth bill which stated that the president could use military force to collect taxes if necessary
This idea of notification was a stepping stone to the Civil War
Who won the election of 1832 and who were the participants?
In the election of 1832 there were three parties. The two main parties were the wigs who represented Henry Clay and the Democrats who represented Jackson as well as the anti-Masonic party which was the first third party in American history
Laissez-faire economics
Pres. Jackson did not want government involved in the economy
What happened to the bus? What was the specie curricular? Why did Jackson veto the the Mayville Road?
Leading up to the election of 1832 H Clay forced a re-authorization of the bus through Congress which force President Andrew Jackson to take a position on the bank. He was forced between a spade and the wall as there were drawbacks on both sides. Jackson vetoed the big bill because he hated the bus cuz he thought it hurt the common man.
Jackson decided to take all of the governments money to Kaylee and to put the governments money into small state banks. This eventually caused problems as state banks were unreliable and often went out of business taking the governments money with them.
The species circular stated that all future land had to be bought with Hardmoney such as gold or silver
Jackson vetoed the mayville Road because he saw it unconstitutional
Indian removal act of 1830
All Indians east of the Mississippi had to relocate west of the Mississippi in Oklahoma
What happened in Cherokee nation versus Georgia in 1831
The Cherichi like jurisdiction over their land as they were dependent of the US government and they were not a sovereign nation so the nation lost land
What happened in Worcester versus Georgia in 1832
Justice Marshall ruled that Georges laws had no jurisdiction inside Cherokee territory
Jackson refuse to enforce the ruling as John Marshall had a ready made his decision and famously said “let him enforce it if he can”
Trail of tears
Thousands of Cherokee Indians were forced to relocate from east of the Mississippi to Oklahoma territory after the bill was passed by Andrew Jackson
Black Hawk war of 1832
Illinois and Wisconsin Indian tribes got together and rebelled against Indian relocation but were crushed by the US military
Who were the Seminoles and why were they important?
Jackson had previously hated the Seminoles because he had bought them in their native land of Florida. Jackson attempted to remove the Seminoles from Florida but there’s only lead to guerrilla warfare.
The birth of Texas
The US abandon claims to Texas 18 acquired Florida from Spain in 1819.
Stephen Austin who was permitted by Mexico to moving to Texas was told that he would have to become Catholic and follow Mexican traditions.
Stephen Austin riled together an American group who was intention by rising over slavery issues immigration and local rights sought to secede from Mexico and become Texas in 1836.
Mexico send an army to calm down Austin but was defeated
After the short revolution Texas asked to become a state to join the union of United States but was revoked as Jackson knew that this would bring an upheaval as Texas was regarded as a slave area
What happened in the election of 1836 and who won?
In opposition to Andrew Jackson and his policies the wig party was born which chose President Martin Van Buren as it’s elected Candidate. Martin Van Buren’s Opposer was William H Harrison who represented the Democratic Party. Martin Van Buren defeated Harrison
What were positives and negative’s of Jackson’s legacy?
Positives included his strong executive presence, he was a champion for the common man, and he helped establish a modern Democratic Party
Negative aspects included his spoil system lead to incapable people or corruption in office, he killed the bank of the United States, he ignored the authority of the Supreme court and it’s rulings, he increased national sectionalism, and he was responsible for the trail of tears
