Chapter 13 - Meiosis

Question 0

Differences between members of the same species

Answer 0

Variation

Question 1

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

Scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

Discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or a sperm. They unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or an egg or their precursor

Answer 5

Somatic cell

Question 6

A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located

Answer 6

Locus

Question 7

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Answer 7

Asexual reproduction

Question 8

Reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the parents

Answer 8

Sexual reproduction

Question 9

A group of genetically identical individuals

Answer 9

Clone

Question 10

Generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

Answer 10

Life cycle

Question 11

A display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

Answer 11

Karotype

Question 12

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One of the chromosomes is inherited from the mother and one from the father.

Answer 12

Homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual

Answer 13

Sex chromosomes

Question 14

Chromosome not involved in sex determination

Answer 14

Autosomes

Question 15

Cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) one from each parent

Answer 15

Diploid cells

Question 16

Cell with one set of chromosomes (n)

Answer 16

Haploid cells

Question 17

Union of gametes culminating in fusion of their nuclei

Answer 17

Fertilization

Question 18

Diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg

Answer 18

Zygote

Question 19

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae

Answer 20

Alternation of generations

Question 21

Homologous chromosomes separate

Answer 21

Meiosis 1

Question 22

Sister chromatids separate

Answer 22

Meiosis 2

Question 23

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 23

Crossing over

Question 24

X-shaped, microscopic region where homologous non-sister chromatids have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis, the two homologous chromosomes remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion

Answer 24

Chiasmata (chiasma)

Question 25

Zipper-like structure that physically connects homologous chromosomes during prophase 1

Answer 25

Synaptonemal complex

Question 26

Pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 26

Synopsis

Question 27

A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome

Answer 27

Recombinant chromosomes