Chapter 13: Personality Flashcards
temperament / characteristics
biologically based tendencies to act or feel ways
activity, level, emotionality, sociability
trait approaches of personality
characterize based on dimensions of behavior (extraversion, open- mindedness) & biological factors
humanistic approaches of personality
describe based on personal history & self-created narratives
cognitive approaches of personality
describe based on self view of abilities and control over own lives
the big 5
openness to experience, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion
(facets are more likely to predict behavior because of their specificity)
biological trait theory (Eysenck) & constraint
people sit along two spectrums: emotionally stable- neurotic & introverted - extraverted. Low constraint (high psychoticism) means extraverted and neurotic, whereas High constraint (low psychoticism) means introverted and emotionally stable.
constraint- impulse control
BAS, BIS, & FFFS
BAS- pursuing reward “go” - EXTRAVERSION
BIS- monitors for threats “slow down” - ANXIETY/ NEUROTICISM
FFFS- freeze, run away (flight), or fight “stop/escape”
Bandura’s reciprocal determinism
interrelatedness of environment, behavior, and person-factors (characteristics, confidence, expectations) influence personality
situationism
behavior determined by SITUATIONS not personality
interactionism
behavior determined by both SITUATIONS and PERSONALITY
idiographic vs nomothetic approaches of assessing personality
IA- focus on individual lives and unique characteristics
NA- variation of common characteristics (averages)
projective measures & examples
measure personality by interpreting random stimuli
-inkblot test= unreliable
-TAT: tell a story about an image = useful for motivational traits
2 examples of self reports
MMPI- 567 t/f questions, can be biased
Q-Sort- sort statements according to how they describe one’s self
self vs friends ratings
low observability/ low evaluativeness (anxious)- self ratings more accurate
high observability/ low evaluativeness (talkative)- friends ratings more accurate
low observability/ high evaluativeness (creative)- friends ratings more accurate
dark triad vs light triad
dark- NEUROTICISM (superiority/ special treatment), psychopathy (lack of care for others), Machiavellianism (lying, cheating)
light- humanism (respect for all), faith in humanity (humans are good), and Kantianism (never manipulate)
