Chapter 13 Personality And Psychotherapy

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

All those relatively permanent traits, dispositions, or characteristics within the individual that give measure of consistency to that persons behavior

Question 2

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 2

Personality determined by conflicting , unconscious inner forces within the person

Question 3

The conscious

Answer 3

Consist of things you are currently aware of; constantly changing

Question 4

The preconscious

Answer 4

Consists of things you are NOT currently aware of, but could retrieve it if desired

Question 5

The unconscious

Answer 5

Consist of things you’re unaware of and would be difficult to bring into awareness; THE PRIMARY PERSONALITY COMPONENT

Question 6

ID

Answer 6

Functions according to the primary process thought which is irrational, instinct driven, and out of touch with reality; FOLLOWS PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

Functions according to secondary process thought (thinks of consequences) which is rational, controls and channels ID, FOLLOWS REALITY PRINCIPLE

Question 8

Superego

Answer 8

Functions according to the idealistic principle which strives for moral perfection, contains sense of right and wrong

Question 9

Psychosexual stages of development:

Question 10

Oral stage (0-1)

Answer 10

Trust, pleasure comes from oral exploration of the world

Question 11

Anal stage (1-3)

Answer 11

Control, pleasure comes from Urination and defecation

Question 12

Phallic stage (3-6)

Answer 12

Sex role identification, pleasure comes from genital stimulation, oedipus and Electra complex

Question 13

Latency stage (6-puberty)

Answer 13

Learning, sexual iimpulses are present but repressed and energy is focused on achievement and learning

Question 14

Genital stage (puberty-adulthood)

Answer 14

Intimacy, sexuality resurfaces and pleasure comes from sexual activity with a partner, maturity occurs

Question 15

Fixation

Answer 15

Becoming “stuck” in one stage of psychosexual development and not being able to progress any further

Question 16

Regression

Answer 16

Moving back to an earlier stage of development, acting childlike and dependent (oral)

Question 17

Denial

Answer 17

Refusing to accept that the feeling is present or that the event occurred

Question 18

Repression

Answer 18

Relegating anxiety causing thoughts to the unconscious, refusing to think about them

Question 19

Projection

Answer 19

Attributing ones undesirable traits or actions to others, so they become the problem instead of you

Question 20

Displacement

Answer 20

Substituting a less threatening object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impulse (kicking a chair)

Question 21

Sublimation

Answer 21

Redirecting anxiety-causing impulses into socially acceptable actions (putting aggressive child into football)

Question 22

Reaction formation

Answer 22

Taking actions opposite to one’s feelings in order to deny the reality of the feelings

Question 23

Rationalization

Answer 23

Creating intellectually acceptable arguments for thoughts or behavior to hide the actual anxiety-causing impulses (excuses to bad actions)

Question 24

The Rorschach

Answer 24

Ink blot test: subject tells what each blot looks like and what aspect of the blot triggered that response

Question 25

The TAT

Answer 25

Consists of vague or ambiguous drawings, person describes what’s happening in each drawing

Question 26

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 26

Meet one on one with therapist

Question 27

Free association

Answer 27

Patient reports whatever comes to mind (give topic, speak about it)

Question 28

Resistance

Answer 28

Unwillingness to discuss topics related to unconscious conflicts

Question 29

Transference

Answer 29

Shifting thoughts/feelings about an important person from the past onto the therapist

Question 30

Dream analysis

Answer 30

Clients keep dream journal, reveal latent meanings of their dreams

Question 31

Alfred alder

Answer 31

Humans motivated by the need to overcome inferiority and strive for significance (inferiority complex and compensation)

Question 32

Carl Jung

Answer 32

Personal unconsciousness, collective unconscious: inherited tendencies to respond in a particular way (archetypes) shared by all humans (bond with mother and son)

Question 33

Erick Erickson

Answer 33

Emphasized social influences, development continues throughout life (add stages instead of big groups)

Question 34

Karen horney

Answer 34

Emphasized anxiety; felts that frauds theory was inadequate for women and children; cultural variables

Question 35

Humanistic psychology

Answer 35

People consciously and purposefully make unique choices that leads them to their own personal growth

Question 36

Carl Rogers

Answer 36

Self theory

Question 37

Real self

Answer 37

Peoples actual perception of themselves and their abilities (know weaknesses and strengths)

Question 38

Ideal self

Answer 38

Contains the attributes that the person wishes they had

Question 39

Fully functioning person

Answer 39

A match between real and ideal self

Question 40

Humanistic therapy

Answer 40

Client based/centered therapy, developed by Carl rogers

Question 41

Behavioral theories

Answer 41

An individuals personality is nothing more than their LEARNED responses to the environment

Question 42

Systematic desensitization

Answer 42

Clients learn how to replace an anxiety with relaxation (counting to 10 when mad)

Question 43

Extinction

Answer 43

Likelihood of maladaptive response is reduced (flooding: person is over exposed to anxiety, provoking stimulus until it is no longer provoking anxiety (spider video)

Question 44

Token economies

Answer 44

Using tokens that can be exchanged for other items or privileges as a reinforcer (buying new clothes every 5 lbs lost)

Question 45

Modeling

Answer 45

Learning appropriate or desirable behavior by observing the actions of others (need to be shown how to act or else they won’t know)

Question 46

Cognitive theories

Answer 46

Thought processes that lead to behavior, focuses on the role that thought processes play in creating disordered behavior, changes faulty thinking patterns

Question 47

Common irrational beliefs

Answer 47

I must be perfect/ everyone must love me , the past determines the future

Question 48

Becks cognitive therapy

Answer 48

Pattern of cognitive distortion associated with depression, exaggerate failures

Question 49

Trait theories

Answer 49

Describes the structure of personality rather than explaining through a process

Question 50

Universal theory

Answer 50

Examine how individuals differ on traits that all people posses (Carl jung)

Question 51

Distinctive theories

Answer 51

Examine individuals unique sets of personality traits

Question 52

The Big Five

Answer 52

Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience

Question 53

Cardinal trait

Answer 53

Single dominent trait that influences all activities

Question 54

Central traits

Answer 54

Influences behavior in most situations

Question 55

Secondary traits

Answer 55

Influences behavior in specific situations