chapter 13 - social psyc

Question 2

What is social psychology?

Answer 2

Interactions between people and how we connect

Question 3

What do social situations influence?

Answer 3

Individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 4

What are intrapersonal topics in social psychology?

Answer 4

Emotions, attitudes, the self, social cognition

Question 5

What are interpersonal topics in social psychology?

Answer 5

Helping behavior, aggression, prejudice + discrimination, attraction + close relationships, group processes, intergroup relationships

Question 6

What biological component is associated with social behavior?

Answer 6

Social neuroscience: we’re bio-psycho-social organisms

Question 7

What is situationism?

Answer 7

Our behavior and actions are determined by immediate environment

Question 8

What is dispositionism?

Answer 8

Behavior is determined by internal factors (personality traits, temperament)

Question 9

Define conformity.

Answer 9

Tendency to do something because others are doing it

Question 10

Who conducted a famous conformity study?

Answer 10

Solomon Asch

Question 11

Define obedience.

Answer 11

Tendency to do something because powerful people tell us to do it

Question 12

Who conducted a famous obedience study?

Answer 12

Stanley Milgram

Question 13

What is normative social influence?

Answer 13

People conform to fit in, feel good, feel accepted

Question 14

What is informational social influence?

Answer 14

People conform due to believing the group is competent, had right info

Question 15

What is a social norm?

Answer 15

Group’s expectation of what’s appropriate and acceptable

Question 16

What is the Asch effect?

Answer 16

Influence of group majority on individual’s judgement

Question 17

What factors increase conformity?

Answer 17

• Larger size of majority
• Presence of another dissenter
• Public/private nature of responses

Question 18

What are social roles?

Answer 18

Pattern of behavior expected of person in given setting/group

Question 19

What was the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Answer 19

Study on power of social roles, social norms, and scripts

Question 20

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 20

Continuing a behavior or maintaining a belief despite contradicting evidence

Question 21

Who defined cognitive dissonance?

Answer 21

Leon Festinger

Question 22

What are ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

Answer 22

• Change behavior
• Change beliefs
• Add consonant cognitions

Question 23

What is post-decision dissonance?

Answer 23

Aroused after making a decision

Question 24

What is the paradox of choice?

Answer 24

More options makes us doubt if we made the right choice

Question 25

What is justification of effort?

Answer 25

Tendency of people to increase how much they like something when they worked hard to get it

Question 26

What is the fundamental attribution error (FAE)?

Answer 26

Interpreting other’s behaviors in terms of internal factors

Question 27

What is self-serving bias?

Answer 27

Attributing our successes to our abilities and blaming external factors for our failures

Question 28

What is actor-observer bias?

Answer 28

Blaming the situation for our behavior but blaming internal factors for the same behavior of others

Question 29

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 29

Searching, interpreting, favoring and recalling info in a way that confirms our beliefs and attitudes

Question 30

What are the components of attitudes?

Answer 30

* Cognitive: beliefs, ideas * Affective: emotions, feelings * Behavioral: predispositions to act

Question 31

What is implicit attitude?

Answer 31

Unconscious automatic attitudes shaped by past experiences

Question 32

What is explicit attitude?

Answer 32

Conscious deliberate attitudes shaped by personal experiences

Question 33

What is persuasion?

Answer 33

Changing someone’s attitudes or beliefs through communication

Question 34

What are the two routes of persuasion?

Answer 34

* Systemic (central route) * Heuristic (peripheral route)

Question 35

What factors influence persuasion?

Answer 35

* Source factors * Message factors * Channel factors * Receiver factors

Question 36

What is group polarization?

Answer 36

Discussions in like-minded groups lead to extreme views

Question 37

What is groupthink?

Answer 37

Prioritizing harmony over critical thinking leads to biased decisions

Question 38

What is stereotyping?

Answer 38

Making assumptions about others based on their category

Question 39

What is stereotype threat?

Answer 39

Fear of confirming negative stereotype, causing anxiety and stress

Question 40

What is discrimination?

Answer 40

Positive/negative behavior towards others based on group membership

Question 41

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 41

People don’t help in emergencies when others are present

Question 42

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 42

People feel less accountable for their actions in a group

Question 43

What is deindividuation?

Answer 43

Losing sense of individuality in a group leads to extreme behaviors

Question 44

What is prejudice?

Answer 44

Positive/negative evaluation of others based on group membership

Question 45

What is scapegoat theory?

Answer 45

Blaming others to vent anger during bad situations

Question 46

What factors promote helping behavior?

Answer 46

* Person seems deserving * Similarity to us * Small town/rural area * Feeling guilt * Seeing others help * Not in a hurry * In a good mood

Question 47

What are the steps in bystander intervention?

Answer 47

* Attention * Appraisal * Social role * Taking action