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APK 2100C > Chapter 13- The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13- The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail (occipital lobe)

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2
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the snout; ex: cervical spinal cord more rostral than lumbar spinal cord

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3
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of brain: left and right hemispheres

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4
Q

Diencephalon

A

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

second largest part of brain

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6
Q

brain stem

A

Rostral continuation of the spinal cord, consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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7
Q

Brain ventricles

A

Spaces in the brain; continuous with each other and the central canal; contain CSF; lined with ependymal cells

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8
Q

Know everything on ventricle page…

A

fuck

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9
Q

protective coverings of the CNS

A

skull(protects brain); vertebrae( protects spinal cord); meninges (CT sheaths that encircle the brain and spinal cord; meninx=singular)

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10
Q

Layers of the meninges

A

Dura matter (strongest, most superficial); arachnoid matter (whispy and networked), pia matter (adheres directly to brain/spinal cord surface… outermost layer of brain and spinal cord)

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11
Q

Know picture of the meninges

A

:(

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12
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

separates the cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

Dural Septa

A

holds brain in skull to prevent damage

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14
Q

Tentorum Cerebelli

A

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

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15
Q

Know anatomy of the cerebrum

A

:((((

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16
Q

Know cerebral cortex

A

lawrence, it’ll be ok

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17
Q

Know fissures and sulci

A

it’ll really be ok, lawrence

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18
Q

somatotopy

A

body mapping

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19
Q

Cerebral white matter

A

commissural fibers, associational fibers, and projection fibers

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20
Q

areas of greater cortical mass (somatotopy)

A

areas of greater sensitivity

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21
Q

Commissural fibers

A

between hemispheres; cross the midline; largest= corpus callosum

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22
Q

Associational Fibers

A

Intrahemispheric; can be long or short

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23
Q

projection fibers

A

cortexlower CNS regions; vertical fibers

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24
Q

Cerebral deep grey matter

A

basal ganglia

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25
Basal ganglia
initiate and terminate body movements; suppresses unwanted movements
26
Diencephalon
Thalamus+hypothalamus+epithalamus
27
Thalamus
two egg shaped structures stuck together
28
Thalamus is a ___ station
Relay; every part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must relay its signal through a nucleus of the thalamus
29
there is ___ a paired nuclei in the thalamus
always
30
hypothalamus
controls homeostasis; inferior and rostral to the thalamus; many subnuclei; contains pituitary gland
31
3 parts of midbrain
cerebral peduncles; cerebral aqueduct; corporal quadrigemina
32
cerebral peduncles
composed mostly of the motor tracts from the cortex to the cerebellum and spinal cord (look like columns/pillars supporting the cerebrum; located ventrally)
33
Cerebral aqueduct
passes through center of the midbrain; 3rd->4th ventricle
34
Corporal quadrigemina
nuclei that form 4 bumps on the dorsal midbrain;superior colliculi= visual reflexes; inferior colliculi = auditory reflexes
35
Pons
bridge of fibers between brainstem and cerebellum; relay of motor information from cortex to the cerebellum
36
ventral brain structure
transversely running fibers in the pons
37
Medulla oblongata
continuous with superior aspect of the spinal cord; from the foramen magnum to inferior pontine border; pyramids (motor tracts that form bulges on the anterior surface of the medula) & olives (nuclei that form bulges lateral to the pyramids... sensory relay station)
38
Medulla is very important!!WHY?
motory and sensory tracts run through the medulla; descending motor tracts cross the midline in the medulla; very important nuclei housed in the medulla; cardiovascular center, respiratory center, vasomotor center, control of vomiting swallowing, sneezing, coughing
39
Arrangement of cerebellum
cerebellar cortex: grey matter w/ many folds called folia | Cerebellar white matter: tracts called arbor vitae deep grey matter nuclei
40
Major tract entering/exiting the cerebellum
middle cerebellar peduncle: only info in one direction, largest
41
Functions of cerebellum
coordinates and smooths motor movements equilibrium and balance; some cognition
42
Function of anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum
motor coordination
43
Function of flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum
balance and equilibrium
44
Describe the spinal cord
1. sensory and motor innervation of whole body (inferior to head) 2. two way conduction pathway between the brain and the body (inferior to head) 3. major integration center for reflexes (inferior to head)
45
Gross anatomy of the spinal cord
extends from the foramen magnum to L1 vertebra (conus medullaris; cauda equina; filum terminale); cervical enlargement; lumbar enlargement
46
Cauda equina
horses tail; spinal nerves
47
What does the filum terminale do?
holds the spinal cord in place
48
cervical spinal nerves?
8
49
spinal cord segments are typically located ___to where their corresponding spinal nerves emerge through the intervertebral foramina
superior
50
White matter is located ___ & grey matter is located ___
externally; internally
51
In the spinal cord...Dorsal=? Ventral= ?
dorsal = sensory | ventral=motor
52
Afferent
Dorsal roots carry info toward the CNS; Sensory
53
Efferent
Ventral roots carry info Away from the CNS; Motor
54
Somatic sensory neurons live in the
Dorsal root ganglion
55
Somatic motor neurons live in the
Ventral horn
56
White matter tracts name?
According to where the tract begins and where it ends
57
Spinal cord white matter is made up of
Both sensory and motor neurons
58
Ascending tracts =
traveling up the spinal chord, sensory
59
Descending tracts=
traveling down the spinal cord; motor
60
4 spinal cord segments
Cervical: largest amount of white matter and grey matter (cervical enlargement) Thoracic: least amount of grey matter Lumbar: large amount of grey matter (lumbar enlargement) Sacral: least amount of white and grey matter

APK 2100C (10 decks)

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