Chapter 13 - Treatment & Therapy

Question 1

Psychoanalytic techniques

Answer 1

Method of psychotherapy attempts to bring UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS & MOTIVATIONS to conscious so they can be dealt w/ rationally. Developed by Sigmund Frued (father of clinical & psychotherapy).

Question 2

Free association

Answer 2

Procedure - someone reports everything comes to mind w/o omission/censorship. Free floating talk, therapist leads & looks for resistance. If encountered therapist explores further

Question 3

Resistance

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis, continued REPRESSION interferes w/ therapy. Repressed memories/ thoughts patient feel uncomfortable. Goal is expose these

Question 4

Dream interpretation

Answer 4

Frued believed this is necessary part of psychoanalytic therapy. Classified dreams in two categories

Question 5

Manifest content

Answer 5

Known/obvious content dreams

Question 6

Latent content

Answer 6

Hidden/disguised content dreams. Goal is to reveal meaning

Question 7

Transference

Answer 7

Therapist is parent/someone important in clients life. ULTIMATE GOAL IN PSYCHOANALYSIS. Patient transfers emotional outbursts on therapists. Allows client to work through problems w/ professional

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 8

New era - Frueds psychoanalysis - AKA neofruedians. Face to face contact w/ patient. Less focus on dreams & dream interpretation. Focuses: past events & working through childhood problems. Less time;fewer sessions

Question 9

Humanistic Techniques

Answer 9

Therapist provide UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGUARD, supports clients efforts to grow & change. AKA - client centered therapy- Carl Rogers. Differs from psychoanalysis: approach focuses on future than past, personal growth, conscious than unconscious. Client more active

Question 10

Nondirective therapy

Answer 10

Therapist - no advice/interpretation. Client identifies conflicts & understands problems & values

Question 11

Active listening

Answer 11

Therapist mirrors words by patients for emphasis. Figure out what problems may be

Question 12

Psychoanalysis & humanistic therapies

Answer 12

Dependent on self awareness & healing. Client asked to pair up good w/ correct behavior

Question 13

Behavioral techniques

Answer 13

Therapy: client & therapist agree on BEHAVIORAL GOALS & LEARNING EXPERIENCES to achieve

Question 14

Behavioral therapy

Answer 14

Therapy techniques based on operant conditioning. Changed specific behaviors by making goals & making plan to achieve goals

Question 15

Counter conditioning

Answer 15

Classical conditioning principals. Pairing pleasant w/ anxiety replacing fear w/ relaxation. Cannot feel two emotions at same time

Question 16

Systematic desensitization

Answer 16

Gradually increasing exposure to anxiety while reinforcing calm behavior. Mary Cover Jones - 1924. Subject learns to be relaxed while in presence of their fear

Question 17

Virtual reality exposure Therapy

Answer 17

High tech method of systematic desensitization. Experiences any kind of fear

Question 18

Flooding

Answer 18

Subject confronted w/ fear while w/ therapist. Faces head on.

Question 19

Implosive Theory

Answer 19

IMAGES ones worst fear in therapists office.

Question 20

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 20

Cognitive & behavioral therapies. MOST OFTEN USED PSYCHOTHERAPIES! Focuses subjects thoughts & behavior. Recognize subjects thoughts about situations are irrational & need to be changed to rational non anxiety ones. Focuses on changing behaviors to less destructive ones. CBT achieve results quicker than other forms of therapy

Question 21

Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing

Answer 21

Francine Shapiro 1989. Subject thinks of fear while darting eyed. Used on OCD, phobias, panic attacks, even schizophrenia. Increase effectiveness of type of exposure therapy.

Question 22

Light exposure therapy

Answer 22

Used - seasonal affective disorder. Exposure - light box 30 mins every morning. Stimulates secretion of serotonin. Decreases winter blues

Question 23

Lobotomy

Answer 23

DEPRESSION & VIOLENT BEHAVIOR. Used in 1930s, cutting connective tissue between frontal lobe & emotional brain. Used on severely depressed & schizophrenic. Results - loss of mobility & lethargy. Shock. Ice pick. Wiggle. Connective tissue cut.

Question 24

Walter Freeman

Answer 24

Lobotomy in 1950s - over 2,900 lobotomies in US. Kids. Ended when patient died - brain hemorrhage

Question 25

Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy

Answer 25

Treatment - patients repeatedly injected - large doses of insulin - produces daily comas over several weeks.

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

Peptide hormone by beta cells of pancreas. Central to regulating carbs & fat metabolism in body. Introduced 1927 - Austrian-American psychiatrist Manfred Sakel used for schizophrenia. Replaced by neuroleptic sin 1960

Question 27

Physical treatments in psychiatry

Answer 27

Convulsive therapies (electroconvulsive therapies), deep sleep, & psychosurgery.

Question 28

Joseph Wortis

Answer 28

Brought the treatments to the US.

Question 29

How many hospitals in England & Wales had insulin treatments?

Answer 29

31

Question 30

1936 Sakel moved where & promoted insulin coma treatments where?

Answer 30

New York, American psychiatric hospitals & a majority of the hospitals used it in the late 1940s

Question 31

Technique

Answer 31

Insulin dose increased 100-150 units til comas were produced - dose would then be leveled out. Insulin was reduced after 50-60 comas. Coma lasted hr. & was terminated by intravenous glucose. Seizures before/during coma

Question 32

Effects

Answer 32

Sakel claimed success rates for insulin coma therapy, over 80% in treatment of schizophrenia. Morality risk - 1-5%

Question 33

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 33

Produce cortical seizure. 1938 - given 100 volts while conscious. Now - give anesthesia - lasts 30 mins, patient unaware, voltage from 70-150. Sometimes administered one hemisphere fewer Side effects (loss of memory, seizures). Mild seizures during. MAINLY USED ON DEPRESSION. Usefulness - not known: possibly releases norepinephrine/ may shock brains electrical current back to normal

Question 34

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 34

Chemicals affect cognitions/behavior: why disorders referred to as chemical imbalance

Question 35

Psychoactive drugs differ in ability to regulate NTs

Answer 35

1. Change sensitivity of receiving neuron 2. Change # of receptors 3. Block re-absorption of NTs -- reuptake inhibitors SSRIs 4. Block receptor sites 5. Block conversion into inactive molecules -- change NTs into inert chemicals

Question 36

Antipsychotic drug

Answer 36

Treats schizophrenia/ mood disorders who are delusional. Freedom drug - allows schizophrenics to live on own. Blocks dopamine receptors - reduces excess dopamine. Reduction of dopamine - reduces hall. & del.

Question 37

Clozaril (clozapine)

Answer 37

Drug reduces negative/positive symptoms reduces negative/positive symptoms

Question 38

Lithium

Answer 38

Mineral treats bipolar. Positive effect stabilizes synapses. Natural salt/mineral - stabilize mood swings/reduces manic

Question 39

Antidepressant Drugs

Answer 39

Drugs help person out of depression gradually elevating mood

Question 40

List of antidepressant drugs

Answer 40

1. Prozac 2. Zoloft 3. Paxil All 3 slow synaptic vacuum of serotonin between neurons. Called SSRIs

Question 41

Anti anxiety Drugs

Answer 41

Relieve tension, apprehension, & nervousness. Ex: Valium & Xanax.

Question 42

2 reasons why drug therapies - controversial

Answer 42

Produce superficial curative effects. Covers prob. Effects purely from meds. Psychotherapies used in conjunctions w/ drug therapies psychotherapies needed get to root of prob. Often over prescribed/medicated

Question 43

Insight therapies

Answer 43

Verbal interactions to enhance clients self knowledge. AKA - psychotherapies - interview involves talking for treatment. Helps patient gain insight through talking w/ professional