Chapter 13 - Vitamin and Mineral Replacement

Question 1

Vitamin: Required for development and maintenance of healthy eyes, gums, teeth, skin, hair, glands, and immune function

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Food sources of Vit A

Answer 2

Darkly colored fruits and vegetables like carrots, cantaloupe, mangoes, spinach, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes. Natural A is found only in foods of animal origin, diary products, meat, fish oil, an fish

Question 3

Vit A deficiency conditions

Answer 3

Night blindness. Skin lesions and dysfunction of mucous membranes

Question 4

Because Vit A is stored in the liver, it may be available for days, weeks or months. Because of this _______ can occur with too much supplment

Answer 4

toxicity

Question 5

Vit K is essential for

Answer 5

Clotting. Leafy green veggies, liver, cheese, egg yolk, vegetable oil, tomatoes. Deficiency can be increased clotting time leading to increased bleeding and hemorrhage

Question 6

What does Vit D require for absorption

Answer 6

Bile salts due to being absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 7

Vit D toxicity looks like?

Answer 7

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting

Question 8

what are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

A, D, E. K

Question 9

Vitamin: Protects fatty acids and promotes formation and functioning of RBC’s, muscle an other tissues

Answer 9

E. Whole grain cereals, wheat germ, green veggies, sunflower seeds, milk, eggs, meat, avocados, asparagus,

Question 10

What can happen with Vit E deficiency

Answer 10

breakdown of RBC

Question 11

Side effects of large doses of Vit E may include

Answer 11

Fatigue, weakness, nausea, GI upset, headache, bleeding, and breast tenderness.

Question 12

Vit E and ? should not be taken together

Answer 12

Iron. Iron can interfere with the body’s absorption and use of E. It may also prolong prothrombin time (PT) and patients taking warfarin should have their PT monitored closely while taking E. Also before surgery (clotting)

Question 13

For oral anticoagulant overdose, what is the only vitamin K form avail for therapeutic use and is most effective in preventing hemorrhage

Answer 13

K1

Question 14

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 14

B complex and C

Question 15

Why are water soluble vitamin supplementation required

Answer 15

They are not stored by the body

Question 16

Vit B1

Answer 16

Thiamine

Question 17

Vit B2

Answer 17

riboflavin

Question 18

Vit B3

Answer 18

Nicotinic acid, or niacin

Question 19

Vit B 6

Answer 19

pyridoxine

Question 20

what deficiency can lead to the polyneuritis and cardiac pathology seen in beriberi or to Wernicke encephalophathy that progresses to Korsakoff syndrome, conditions most commonly associated with alcohol abuse

Answer 20

thiamine (B1)

Question 21

significant CNS disorder characterized by confusion, nystagmus, diplomas, ataxia, and loss of recent memory. IF not treated , can cause irreversible brain damage.

Answer 21

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. IV treatment of thiamine must be given before giving any glucose to avoid aggravation of symptoms

Question 22

this may be given to manage dermatologic problems such as scaly dermatitis, cracked corners o the mouth an inflammation of the skin and tongue

Answer 22

Riboflavin

Question 23

can treat headache in larger doses

Answer 23

Riboflavin

Question 24

can be given to alleviate pellagra and hyperlipidemia for which large doses are required

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

Essential as a building block of nucleic acts, RBC formation, and synthesis of hemoglobin. Patients with diabetes or alcoholism may benefit from daily supplementation

Answer 25

Pyridoxine

Question 26

larges doses of Niacin may cause

Answer 26

Gi irritation and vasodilation, resulting in a flushing sensation

Question 27

needed for carbohydrate metabolism and protein and lipid synthesis and collagen synthesis which helps wound healing. Smocking decreases the levels. High doses (greater than 500 mg) aids iron absorption, but can decrease the effect of oral anticoagulants.

Answer 27

Vt C

Question 28

if this Vit is take with aspirin or sulfonamides, it may cause crystal formation in the urine.

Answer 28

C

Question 29

If large doses of any vitamin are to be discontinued, how to you reduce to avoid Vit deficiency

Answer 29

gradual

Question 30

Essential for body growth. Needed for DNA synthesis and without it cellular division is disrupted. Chronic alcoholism, poor nutritional intake, malabsorption syndroms, pregnancy and drugs that case inadequate absorption (phenytoin, barbiturates) cause deficiencies.

Answer 30

Folic Acid

Question 31

Symptoms of folic acid deficiency usually are not noted intel how long after folic acid storage is depleted

Answer 31

2-4 months

Question 32

Essential for DNA synthesis. Aids in the concern of folic acid to its active form. Needed for normal hematopoiesis and to maintain nervous system integrity, especially of myelin

Answer 32

B12

Question 33

__________ deficiency is commonly seen with the use of metformin and proton pump inhibitors

Answer 33

B12

Question 34

Vital for hemoglobin regeneration

Answer 34

Iron (ferrous sulfate, gluconate, or fumarate)

Question 35

IF a patient is positive for iron deficiency anemia and will need therapeutic doses of iron, what would they give

Answer 35

600-1200 mg/day of iron (ferrous sulfate)

Question 36

which mineral is needed for the formation of RBCs and connective tissues. Cofactor in many enzymes and its function is in the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 36

Copper

Question 37

A prolonged ________ deficiency may result in anemia that cannot be corrected by taking iron supplements. Abnormal blood and skin changes caused by this deficiency include decrease in WBC could, glucose intolerance, and a decrease in skin and hair pigmentation

Answer 37

copper

Question 38

Mineral important tot many enzymatic reactions and it is essential for normal growth and tissue repair, would healing and taste and smell. Large amounts can be toxic

Answer 38

zinc

Question 39

Zinc can inhibit __________ absorption. Patients taking zinc and an antibiotic should not take them together; zin could be taken at least 2 hours after taking an antibiotic

Answer 39

tetracycline. about 10% of adults on long term parenteral nutrition develop a zinc deficiency.

Question 40

Mineral is said to be helpful in the control of type 2 diabetes

Answer 40

Chromium

Question 41

massive does of this vitamin can cause hypervitaminosis and s/s are hair loss, peeling skin, aneroid, abdominal pain, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting

Answer 41

A