Chapter 13 Vocab

Question 1

acetone

Answer 1

A chemical found in nail polish removers and other products. Inhalation causes significant damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Question 2

amobarbital

Answer 2

An intermediate-acting barbiturate drug. Also known as sodium amytal. Brand name is Amytal.

Question 3

antianxiety drugs

Answer 3

Medications that reduce or relieve feelings of anxiety. In doing so, they make the user feel more peaceful or tranquil; also called tranquilizers.

Question 4

anxiolytics (meaning anxiety reducing drugs)

Answer 4

Medications that reduce or relieve feelings of anxiety.

Question 5

barbiturate

Answer 5

A drug within a family of depressants derived from barbituric acid and used as a sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic medication.

Question 6

Benzene

Answer 6

A carcinogenic (cancer-producing) compound found in many solvent products, representing a serious health risk when inhaled. Prolonged exposure to benzene has been associated with carcinogenic (cancer-producing) disorders, specifically leukemia, as well as anemia. Benzene is generally used as a solvent in waxes, resins, lacquers, paints, and paint removers

Question 7

benzodiazepines

Answer 7

A family of antianxiety drugs. Examples include diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and triazolam (Halcion).

Question 8

beta blockers

Answer 8

Medicinal drugs that are traditionally used to treat cardiac and blood pressure disorders. They are also prescribed for individuals who suffer from “stage fright” or anxiety regarding a specific event. Examples include atenolol (brand name: Tenormin), metoprolol (brand name: Lopressor), and propanolol (brand name: Inderal).

Question 9

buspirone

Answer 9

A nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety drug first introduced in 1986. Brand name is BuSpar.

Question 10

chloral hydrate

Answer 10

A depressant drug once used for the treatment of insomnia. It is highly reactive with alcohol and can severely irritate the stomach.

Question 11

chlordiazepoxide

Answer 11

A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Librium.

Question 12

diazepam

Answer 12

A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Valium.

Question 13

drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA)

Answer 13

An instance in which alcohol or other drugs have been used to compromise an individual’s ability to consent to sexual activity.

Question 14

eszopiclone

Answer 14

A nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, first introduced in 2005, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name is Lunesta.

Question 15

ether

Answer 15

An anesthetic drug first introduced to surgical practice by William T. Morton in the 1840s. It is highly flammable.

Question 16

gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Answer 16

A powerful depressant, often abused to induce euphoria and sedation. When slipped into an alcoholic beverage without the knowledge of the drinker, GHB has been employed as a means for drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA).

Question 17

Hexane

Answer 17

A dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products. Inhalation of these products has been associated with muscle weakness and atrophy.

Question 18

hypoxia

Answer 18

A deficiency in oxygen intake.

Question 19

inhalants

Answer 19

Chemicals that produce breathable vapors. They produce euphoriant and depressant effects when sniffed or inhaled.

Question 20

meprobamate

Answer 20

A nonbarbiturate antianxiety drug and sedative. Brand name is Miltown.

Question 21

methaqualone

Answer 21

A nonbarbiturate depressant drug once used as a sedative. Brand name is Quaalude.

Question 22

nitrous oxide

Answer 22

An analgesic gas commonly used in modern dentistry. It is also referred to as laughing gas.

Question 23

oil of mustard

Answer 23

An additive in Testor brand hobby-kit glues that produces nasal irritation when inhaled, thus reducing the potential for inhalant abuse.

Question 24

pentobarbital

Answer 24

A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Nembutal.

Question 25

phenobarbital

Answer 25

A long-acting barbiturate drug, usually marketed in generic form.

Question 26

REM-sleep rebound

Answer 26

A phenomenon associated with the withdrawal of barbiturate drugs in which the quantity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases, resulting in disturbed sleep and nightmares.

Question 27

Rohypnol

Answer 27

The brand name for a benzodiazepine drug, illegal in the United States but available for medical use in Europe and South America. It has been implicated in instances of drug-facilitated sexual assault. The generic name is flunitrazepam.

Question 28

secobarbital

Answer 28

A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Seconal.

Question 29

sedative-hypnotics

Answer 29

A category of depressant drugs that provide a sense of calm and sleep.

Question 30

toluene

Answer 30

A compound in glues, cements, and other adhesive products. Inhalation of these products results in behavioral and neurological impairments.

Question 31

triorthocresyl phosphate (TCP)

Answer 31

A gasoline additive. Inhalation of TCP-containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems.

Question 32

whippets

Answer 32

Small canisters containing pressurized nitrous oxide.

Question 33

zolpidem

Answer 33

A nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, first introduced in 1993, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name is Ambien.