Chapter 14 Flashcards
initial volume/initial temperature (K) = final volume/final temperature (K)
charles’s law equation
according to this law, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as the pressure on the gas remains constant
charles’s law
initial pressure * initial volume = final pressure * final volume
boyle’s law equation
this law states that if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure from the gas will increase.
boyle’s law
viscosity and temperature have what kind of relationship?
inverse; as temperature increases, viscosity decreases and vice-versa
the resistance of a fluid to flowing
viscosity
the principle explaining that fluid velocity increases when the flow of the fluid is restricted; states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases
bernoulli’s principle
input force/output force (N) = output force/input force (N)
pascal’s principle equation
pressure (Pa) = force(N)/area(m^2)
pressure equation
the principle stating that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid
pascal’s principle
in terms of density, when will an object float? (compare density of object and density of fluid)
an object will float when its density is less than that of the fluid
a dense wooden block is placed within a pool of water. the block then sinks beneath the surface of the water, but does not reach the bottom. how is this a demonstration of archimede’s principle?
the wooden block only sank until the weight of the water displaced was equal to the weight of itself
apply archimedes’ principle. how are the weights of the fluid and of the object placed within the fluid related?
the object placed within the fluid will displace the fluid until the weight of the displaced fluid is equal to the weight of the object
the principle that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object is known as:
archimedes’ principle
the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it; the ability of an object to float as a result of the exertion of upward forces
buoyancy
what are liquid crystals? how are they used?
liquid crystals are materials that do not lose their geometric arrangement (that is present within most solids) when turning into a liquid. they are used to create liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for electronic devices. pixels are individual picture crystal elements.
name two amorphous solids
glass and butter
how and why is water an exception to thermal expansion (at a certain range of temperatures?)
At a certain range of temperatures, specifically that between 0 and 4 degrees Celsius, water molecules expand as their temperature decreases. This is because of water’s crystal lattice structure, which forms as a result of water’s highly positive and negative areas.
an increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased
thermal expansion
explain the definition of plasma: why are they able to overcome attractions between atoms?
their collisions are so forceful that electrons are stripped off of the atoms, thus breaking the attraction between atoms
matter that has enough energy to overcome not just the attractive forces between its particles but also the attractive forces within its atoms; most common state of matter in the universe
plasma
how do substance overcome attractions between particles, in terms of the addition of thermal energy?
speed increases with temperature, and thus the addition of thermal energy causes particles to increase in speed and eventually overcome inter-particle attractions
a graph that shows how temperature changes over time as thermal energy is continuously added; visually demonstrates phase changes (or when attractive forces are overcome)
heating curve
the process that causes a substance to change directly from a solid into a gas; only occurs at certain pressures
sublimation
