Chapter 14 Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
Major reasons to use foam:
1. Magnitude and frequency of hazardous materials incidents that require foam operations for mitigation
2. Newer foam concentrates are more easily used by structural and wildland firefighters
3. Improvements in design of foam proportioning equipment have made their inclusion in apps more fesable
4.Use of foam may help reduce water usage where supply might be limited
A
2
Q
The D/O should be knowledgable in the assembly and _____ of foam firefighting equipment
A
operation
3
Q
_______ foams are the most common foams in use.
A
mechanical
4
Q
Mechanical foams must be proportioned which mean to be mixed with ______ and aerated before use.
A
water
5
Q
To produce firefighting foam, foam concentrate, _______ and ______ must be educted or injected to the correct _______. If any of these are removed the result will be poor quality foam or ____foam at all
A
water and air
ratios
no
6
Q
Mechanical Foam: Is foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, ______ and _____
A
water and air
7
Q
Proportioning: Mixing of water and an appropriate amount of foam concentrate in order to form a foam ______
A
solution
8
Q
Aeration:
Introduction of _____ into a foam solution to create bubbles that result in finished foam.
A
air
9
Q
Eduction:
Process used to mix foam with water in a nozzle or proportioner. concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the _______ method.
A
Venturi
10
Q
Foam concentrate: raw chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam.
May be protein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion or alcohol types.
A
11
Q
Foam Proportioner:
A device that injects the ______ amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution
A
proper
12
Q
Foam Solution: Mixture of foam concentrate with water BEFORE the introduction of _____
Foam: Is the finished product
A
air
13
Q
Failure to match the proper foam concentrate to the type of ____ may result in unsuccessful supression
A
14
Q
Class B fuels are divided into two categories: Hydrocarbons and _______
A
polar solvents
15
Q
_______fuels include crude oil, fuel, oil, gasoline, benzine and kerosene. They are ALL petrolium based and have a specific gravity ______ than 1
A
Hydrocarbon fuels
less
16
Q
Class B foam is effective extinguishing because it floats on the surface of _______ fuels suppressing vapors.
A
hydrocarbon fuels
17
Q
_______fuels such as alcohol, acetone, ketones, esters and known miscible liquids because they mix with water.
A
Polar solvent fuels
18
Q
Many fuels including gasoline are blended with up to _____% solvent additives. Treat these as polar solvents
A
15%
19
Q
Class B foams are designed SOLELY for use on _______ fuels and are NOT effective on Polar Solvents. However, some foams intended to be used on polar solvents may be used on ______ fuels but only under the direction of the _______
A
hydrocarbon fuels
hydrocarbon fuels
manufacturer
20
Q
Depts should conduct pre-incident planning so the right foam is on the _____ due pumping apparatus
A
first
21
Q
Foam extinguishes or surpresses by the following methods:
1.
2.
3.
A
- Seperating creating a barrier between fuel and fire
- Cooling- Lowers the temp
- Suppressing and smothering-reduces the release of flammable vapors reducing the chance of ignition or reignition
22
Q
Miscible- materials that are capable of being ______ in all proportions
A
mixed
23
Q
hydrocarbon fuels- A petrolium based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and ______
A
carbon
24
Q
Polar Solvents : Liquid having a molecule where ______ and negative charges are permanently seperated resulting in their ability to ionize in solution and create ______ conductivity
A
electrical
25
Polar solvents include water, alcohol, sulfuric acid, acetone, ketones and esters.
26
As foam starts to break down, water is ______ providing cooling.
released
27
Foams are mixed with fresh or ____ water
salt
28
A foam must be mixed at right percentage. This is marked on the container of foam concentrate.
29
MOST foam concentrates are formulated to mix with ____ to ____% water
94 -99.9%
30
Class A foams are formulated to be used at percentages ranging from_____to_____%
0.1to1%
31
Class A foam can be created thick for exposure protection and fire breaks or ____ and thinner for to more easily _______ the surface of the fuel.
wet
penetrate
32
Selection of foam proportioner is governed by several factors that include supplied ______ pressure and appropriate appliances as well as the cost of the foam ________ system all play roles
water
proportioning
33
proportioners are designed to be used with _____ nozzles. If a proportioner is incompatable with the foam nozzle they might not profuce _____
foam
foam
34
Foam is proportioned one of 4 ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. injection
2. Induction
3. Batch mixing
4. Premixing
35
Induction proportioning:
uses the water dream to induct or _______foam concentrate in the fire stream. This is achieved by passing the stream of water through a ______ device called an _______
draft
venturi
eductor
36
An eductor has a pickup ____ connected to the eductor that is inserted into the foam concentrate.
tube
37
The pressure differntial created by the water passing through the venturi causes a reduction in pressure which allows _________pressure to force foam concentrate into the stream
atmospheric
38
Two types of proportioners:
Inline eductors and foam ______ eductors
nozzle
39
An eductor can be a portable proportioning device
40
Injection proportioning:
Uses a external ____ to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow. MOST common in apparatus mounted or fixed systems
pump
41
Batch Mixing Proportioning
A simple but potentially _______ method. Batch mixing occurs when an appropriate ammount of foam concentrate is _____ directly into a water tank.
inacurate
poured.
42
Batch mixing is COMMONLY used on Class ___ foams. But can also be done with class B foams. When batch mixing class B foams, the tank must be circulated to ensure proper _____
Class A foams
mixing
43
Batch mixing may not be effective during ____ incidents as foam lines must be shut down when tank is emptied.
large
44
Everything must be _______ after batch mixing is completed.
flushed
45
Premixing proportioning: is common method of proportioning in which premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are ______ in a container.
mixed
46
Premixing is COMMONLY done with portable and _______ extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units and And APP mounted tank systems.
wheeled
47
Premixed solutions may be discharged from a pressurized tank using ________ air or an inert gas such as _______ or by a pump from a non pressurized storage _____
compressed
nitrogen
tank
48
Note: Premix extinguishers are limited to a ______time use. Once used the must be emptied, _____ and refilled.
one
flushed
49
Foam is stored in 4 COMMON methods.
1.
2.
3.
4.
pails
totes
barrels
App tanks
50
Pails:
normally come in _____ gallon plastic containers. These must be air tight to prevent a _____ from forming on the surface of the foam. An eductor can remove foam from the pail.
5 gallon
skin
51
Totes:
When bulk storage of foam concentrates is required, some fire depts or industrial facilities may specify ______ gallon containers called totes
275 gallon totes
52
Totes are for marge quantities of foam for AARF, wildland and _______facilities
industrial
53
Some depts have trailers equiped with large ammounts of _____
foam concentrate
54
Barrels:
used to store foam concentrate in a ____ gallon plastic or plastic lined barrel.
55 gallons
55
Barrels may be transported to a scene where contents could be transferred or used directly from the _____ just like a 5 gallon pail
barrel
56
Foam concentrate tank of App is ____ to ____ gallons while foam pumppers or tenders may carry ______ gallons or more of foam concentrate
20-100
8,000
57
Smaller foam concentrate tanks are normally located ______ the fire pump.
above
58
Some foam tanks are in integral cell with the apps _____ tank.
water
59
Large foam tanks may be be directly Adjacent to the App _____ tank.
water
60
Foam tenders and industrial foam pumpers have only ____ tank for foam concentrate and not water.
one
61
Foam storage tank MUST be _____ tight.
air
62
Class A foams are becoming increasingly popular in ______ and structual fire fighting
Wildland
63
Class foam has been available since the decade ______'s but has only recently been widely accepted and used for increasing numbers of structure, wildland, coal, tire storage and other fires involving deep seated fuels.
1940's
64
Although some foam concentrates are approved for both Class A and Class B applications, the MAJORITY of foam concentrates are divided for use on either Class A or Class B fuels.
65
Class A foam is used ordinary combustables.
66
Class A foams are hydrocarbon based Surfactants essentially used as _____ agents that reduce the ______ tension of water and allow it to soak into combustable materials more easily.
wetting.
reduce
67
Class A is a hydrocarbon based surfactant.
Class B is designed SOLELY for use on hydrocarbon fuels.
68
A surfactant is a chemical that reduces the ______tension of a liquid allowing water to penetrate organic fuels.
69
Class A foam may be used with _____ nozzles, aerating ______ nozzles, medium and high expansion devices and CAFS using most nozzles.
fog
foam
70
Shelf life of a properly stored foam solution is as long as _____ years.
This makes it economical to purchase in ______ quantities.
20
bulk
71
Class A foam generally does not have a significant _______ impact, however, you should avoid discharging foam solutions, concentrates or finished foam into a body of ______
water
72
Direct contact with _____ should be avoided as Class A foam concentrate has a ________ charactoristic
skin
corrosive
73
Use the ______ recommendations for flushing equipment after using foam concentrate.
manufacturers
74
Class A Drain time increases in proportion with ______ in the percentage of the solution. This will make the foam appear thicker
increase
75
Most foam nozzles will produce more stable foam at ___% concentration than a 0.5% concentration.
1%
76
proportioning for Cass A foam:
0.2-0.5% used on fire attack, overhaul with standard fog nozzle and application with CAFS
0.3-0.7 use of air aspirating foam nozzles
0.5-1% expossure protection with standard fog nozzle
77
Application Rate:
Is defined as the ____ amount of foam solution to control or extinguish fire measured in Per minute per square foot.
minimum
78
The application rate of Class A foam is the same as the minimum required flow rate for ______
water
79
Flow rates for target hazards should be determined during Pre-incident ______
planning
80
These 3 are common Class A applications:
1. Areas that required _______ penetration
2. Verticle surfaces. Dry foam has a rigid coating and is ______ to drain allowing it to cling to the verticle surface. looks like shaving _____
3. Surface of a fuel. medium foam is able to penetrate a fuel while maintaining a sufficent blanket of protection
maximum
slow
cream
81
A short drain time in foam allows the release of water for more rapid wetting.
A longer drain time provides an insulating later for a longer period of time.
82
Fire and air temperature and _____ can impact the duration of the breakdown process.
83
Class B foam concentrate: Used to suppress fires involving flamable, combustable and vapors from unignited _____
spills
84
Class B foams consist of synthetic or _____ base.
protein
85
While synthetic foam is made from a mixture of fluorosurfactants, protein based foam is derived from ______ protein
animal
86
Class B foam concentrates should be stored in cool areas to maximize shelf life. ______years for protein based foams and _____to_____ years for synthetic foams
10 years
20-25years
87
Different brands of foam concentrates should NOT be ____ together as they may be chemically incompadable. HOWEVER!!!, simular concentrates like AFFF and Fluoroprotein as well as U.S. Military specificfications ____ be mixed together.
mixed
may
88
Impact of foam concentrates on the environment can differ greatly. Generally ______ based products are considered safer for the environment. But you should always check the safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by manufacturer for info.
protein
89
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from ____to____ %
1-6 percent
90
Some foam is formulated for both ______ and ______ solvents. These products may be used at different concentrations depending on which _____ is involved
hydrocarbons
polar solvents
fuel
91
Percentage for hydrocarbons is normally ____to ____ % and _____to____% for polar solvents
1-3%
3-6%
92
Never enter a spill of unginited flammable _____ an inginiton source may cause the spill to ignite at any time.
liquid
93
Foam expansion:
Is the ___ in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated
increase
94
Foam expansion is generally described as being _____, medium or high.
low
95
low expansion foam is 20 parts finihised foam for every part of foam solution. In other words, a ____:___ ratio
20-1
96
medium foam is usually a _____ to _____ ratio through a hydraulically operated nozzle.
20:1 to 200:1 ratio
97
High expansion foam is usually _____ to ______ ratio
200:1 to 1,000:1 ratio
98
Rates of application depends on 4 things:
1.
2. Whether fuel is on fire
3. type of fuel
4.
1. type of concentrate used
whether fuel is on fire
3. type of fuel
4. whether fuel is contained or uncontained.
99
The minimum foam solution applications rates for ignited fuels are specified in NFPA ____. D/Os should consult this standard for plans and mitigation.
11
100
Unignited spill don't require the same application rate due to the absense of ______ heat, open flame and thermal drafts.
radiant
101
Before you start application, make sure the tactical objectives are are available at the point of _______
proportioning
102
When you begin application, it should be from an ______ and _______ position until extinguished.
uphill and upwind
103
Types of foam are selected by jurisdictions based on their _______ and ________
properties and performance
104
Certain foams produce a _____ sealing film or membrane on the burning liquid surface.
vapor
105
Medium and high expansion foam may be sued in large volumes to ____ surfaces or fill confined areas. Suppressing or smothering prevents the release of flammable ______
flood
vapors
106
Protein foams derived from animal protein sources such as hooves, ______ and feather meal. These sources are hydroliyed in the presense of _____ and converted to a protein hydrolysate that is nuetralized.
horns
lime.
107
Foam has additives to prevent ____ in cold weather
freezing
108
Regular protein genrally has good heat stability and ________ resistance
backburn
109
Protein foam degrades more quickly than ______foam
synthetic
110
Regular protein foam is becoming increasingly ____ in the modern fire service.
rare
111
FFFP film forming fluoroprotein foam combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of _____ film forming ______
Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
112
Flouroprotein foam is a combination of ______based foam and _______foam. Fluorochemical surfactants are added to make the foam ____ more readily than ordinary protein foam
protein based foam and synthetic foam
flow
113
Flouroprotein foams also offer longer lasting _____ suppression
vapor
114
Fluoroprotein foam may be made alcohol resistant with the addition of amonia _____. Alcohol resistant properties will be resistant for approximately ______ minutes ofering high water retension and restistance to heat.
salts
115
FFFP is combined with _______ foam and AFFF foam.
Flouroprotein
116
FFFP is also in an ______ resitant formula
alcohol
117
Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) commonly called A triple F is currently the MOST commonly used synthetic _______ concentrate
foam
118
AFFF consists of flourochecmicals and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a _____ boiling point.
high
119
When AFFF or FFFP foam is applied to fire involving hydrocarbon fuel product, several actions will occur:
1.Air/Vapor excluding film is released ahead of the foam blanket
2. A fast moving ____ of foam spreads across the surface of the fuel.
3. As the aerated foam ______ its water, more film is released giving the foam an ability to recover or "____" areas where the foam blanket is distrubed.
blanket
drains
heal
120
Be cautious of burnback in areas previously covered because the effects may be more apparant with ______foam
AFFF
121
Alcohol restistant AFFF concentrate is commonly used on polar solvents and used in concentration of _____ to _____%. Alcohol resistant foam may also be used on hydrocarbons at ____ to ____% ratios
3-6%
1-6%
122
AR-AFFF should be applied gently so membrane an form. _______ nozzles are best for reserving the membrane with AR-AFFF application.
aspirating
123
An inline foam eductor is a type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply near the _______
nozzle
124
High Expansion foam contain a detergent base and ______ water content. Because of this there is less _____ damage.
water
125
High expansion foam is used in:
1. concealed space fire such as _____, coal mines and subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels and sewers.
2. fixed extinguisher systems for industrial hazards
3. class A fire application
cellers
126
Low energy Foam Proportioning systems
Foam proportioning systems operate one of two ways:
1. _______ effect
2. A pressurized proportioning device injects foam concentrate into a water stream at a set ratio and at a _______ pressure than the water flow.
higher
127
Low energy foam systems impart pressure on the foam solution with the use of the main ______ pump. This system introduces air into the foam solution either when it reaches the _____ or is discharged from the _____
fire
nozzle
nozzle
128
Portable Foam Proportioners:
A simple and common method of foam proportioning involves the use of a portable foam ________
proportioner
129
Three common types of Portable Foam Proportioners are:
1. inline foam eductors
2. Foam nozzle ______
3.Self educting Master _____ nozzles
eductors
slef educting master stream nozzles
130
In-line foam eductor is a type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply near the _______
nozzle
131
follow manufacturers guidelines that specify the correct pressure and distance the eductor should be from the ______
nozzle
132
_______ pressure is pressure lost or gained by changes in elevation between the pump and the _______
Back Pressure
Nozzle
133
The ____ in GPM through an eductor must not exceed it's rated capacity
flow
134
The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ___% of the eductor inlet pressure. This is called ______ pressure
70%
back pressure
135
Back pressure is determined by adding the nozzle pressure, friction loss in the hose between the eductor and the _____
nozzle
136
The concentration of foam solution will only be blended accurately if the inlet pressure at the eductor is correct. Usually ______to____psi
150-200psi
137
Eductor inlet pressure too low won;t pick up enough ____foam. inlet pressure too high will have too much foam concentration.
138
To clean, use a bucket of water to clean the _____ tube. Run water through it for ____ minute
pick up tube
one minute
139
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor must be no more than _____feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate.Foam solutions become more viscous in cold _____ and less ______ when heated
6 feet
temps
viscous
140
Frozen foam CANNOT be educted.
141
The nozzle and the _____ MUST have the same GPM rating in order to operate sucessfully.
142
When nozzles flow too high too much foam concentrate is used and when flowing too low not enough concentrate will be used.
143
Self educting master stream nozzles have built in foam _______. The foam concentrate MUST be ________ where nozzle is being used.
eductor
available
144
Use of a foam nozzle eductor MAY compromise firefighter _______
safety
145
A self educting master stream nozzle is deployed when flows are in excess of _____gpm
350
146
A self educting master stream has a _____ tube in the center bore of the nozzle.
pickup
147
Some master stream foam nozzles are capable of devivering ________gpm
14,000gpm
148
the MAJOR advantage of self educting foam nozzles is the pressure drop is much lower, _____% less than most standard foam nozzle eductors. This feature allows for MUCH ________ reach
10%
greater
149
A (JRC) Jet Ratio Controller is a type of inline eductor used to supply a self educting master stream and an be located at far as _______ feet away from the self educting master stream nozzle and an elevation change up to _____ feet
3,000 ft
50 feet
150
The Jet Ratio Controller uses only ___% of total water in the system. It picks up _____ of proportioned solution
66.5%
151
Apparatus Foam Proportioning Systems must account for hose length, matching nozzle and flow cabability just as portable proportioning systems.
152
In-line eductors are most commonly used for Class __ foam. They generally are not effective for proportioning the very low concentrations of class ___ foam.
Class B
Class A
153
Around the pump is most common type of installer proportioner on fire ____
apps
154
When valve is completely open on an around the pump proportioner, it allows approximately ____ to ____gpm to flow through the piping.
10-40 gpm
155
A disadvantage to the around the pump proportioner is the inability to pump foam and plain water at the same _____.
time
156
Bypass -Type Balanced Proportioner is used on large Apps like ______. It is the most accurate methods of foam proportioning.
ARFF vehicles
157
By-pass Type Proportioner have a separate foam concentrate pump to go with the different water pump.
158
A limitation of the By-pass Type Proportioner include the need for a _____ pump with a PTO.
foam
159
Variable Flow Variable Rate Direct Injection proportioners generally operate off power supplied by the apps _______ system.
electrical
160
Variable Flow Variable Rate proportioners injects foam into the pump piping supplying ALL discharges. The system monitors the operation of all hoselines and maintains consistant foam solution.
161
Variable flow variable rate direct injection systems operate at foam concentration rates of ___to ____%
0.1-3%
162
Variable flow variable rate may be used with all class __ foams and many class ___. However, the system is NOT used with _____ resistant foams. Concentrate is supplied by atmospheric pressure foam tanks
A
B
alcohol
163
Variable Flow demand-Type Balanced-Pressure Proportioner:
Also known as Pumped/Demand System requires no flushing after use
164
Class a foam does NOT retain their foaming properties when mixed in water for more than _____ hours. However AFFF solutions with stay mixed for an extended period of time.
24 hours
165
When batch mixing the D/O should curculate ______ to avoid frothing and do it for short time to ensure mixing.
slowly
166
Foam left in tank and pump acts as a cleaning agent and removes lubricants. You MUST _____ after use. D/O should check lubrication after use.
flush
167
Conduct the _____ of the pump with the SDS (safety Data Sheet)
flushing
168
Batch mixing is usually done when no other method is ______
available
169
High energy systems or CAFS systems
170
The _____ system was reserched and developed by the BLM Bureau of Land Management
CAFS
171
CAFS system advantages include
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. longer reach with fire strea.
2. CAFS produce small uniform bubble that are very durable
3. Foam adheres to fuels better
4. Hoselines weigh less
5. Safer Fire attack with longer reach
172
Cons of a CAFS system:
1. increased cost
2.
3.
4.
1. increased cost.
2. hose reaction could be eratic
3. if a hoseline bursts the compressed air will intensify the hoseline reaction
4. Additional training required
173
When using class A foam nozzle flow rates should be the _____ as when using water.
same
174
CAFS proportioner is set up at a rate of _____ to _____%
.1-1%
175
Note: Foam nozzle eductors and some self-educting master stream nozzles may also be considered _______ foam nozzles
portable
176
The 3 most common handline nozzles used for foam application are:
1.
2.
3.
1. Fog
2. smooth bore
3. air aspirating
177
______ nozzles are limited to application with Class A from a CAFS system. This is an exception to the standard rule that the discharge orfice MUST be no greater than _____ the diameter of the hose.
smooth bore
1/2
178
Expansion ratios for most fog nozzles are _____ to ____ range
2:1 to 4:1
179
Fog nozzles are most effective with class ___ foam and AFFF. They can also be used with alcohol resistant _____ on hydrocarbon fires.
Fog nozzles should NOT be used with _____ foams or polar solvent fires as it wont aspirate enough.
class A
AFFF
flouroprotein foams
180
Air aspirating foam nozzles induct air into the foam solution by ______ effect
venturi
181
______ nozzles have less reach than a automatic fog nozzle
air aspirating foam nozzle
182
Air aspirating foam nozzles are the ONLY nozzle to be used with protein and flouroprotein foam solutions.
183
Industrial foam pumpers and ARFF apps are often equipped with ____ nozzles
master stream foam nozzles
184
There are two types of medium and high expansion foam generators:
water aspirating and Mechanical ______
blower
185
The air content of medium expansion foam ranges from ____ to ____ratio. For high expansion foam it is _____ to ______ratio
20:1-200:1
200:1-1,000:1
186
Water aspirating devices have a _____ at the end of the nozzle that break up foam and mix it with additional air.
screens
187
Water aspirating devices have lower air _____ than mechanical blowers
volume
188
Mechanical blowers look very simular to ordinary smoke ______
ejectors
189
Too long of an _____ line beyond the eductor will cause problems
attack
190
a nozzle too far from the eductor could result in excessive ______ pressure
elevation
191
Foam application techniques have 4 procedures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Direct application method
2. Roll-on method
3. Bank down method
4. Rain down method
192
Direct application
Direct application of fire attack with Class _ foam. It follows same attack as using plain water.
A
193
Roll on Method
A method for Class __ Foam involves a direct _____ on the ground near the front edge of the burning liquid spill. This method is ONLY effective on a pool of liquid fuel on the open ______
stream
ground
194
Bank Down Method
Another method for Class ___ fires is used on a _____ surface near a pool of ignitable liquid. this method you hit the verticle surface and allow it to _____ down and spread across the pooled fuel product.
verticle
195
Rain Down Method
When first two Class B methods are ineffective due to elevation of the fuel, the rain down method is used. This is the MOST common application for above ground storage tank fires. Fire fighters must position within _____
reach
196
US Forest Service has siad the release of Class A foam in waterways is ____ to fish
lethal
197
Reducution of _____ results in the destruction of vegitation and aquatic life.
oxygen
198
Biodegradable: capable of being broke down by microorganisms or bacteria
199
Decomposition: chemical change in which a substance breaks down into ____ or more simpler substances. Result of ______ acting on the material that results in a change in composition.
two
200
Agents for Pres-treating a structure include Durable agents or ______ agents. These retain their fire retarding properties longer then Class __ foam.
gelling
A
201
Durable or gelling agents are water absorbant polymers that form bubbles filled with _____ and not air like other foams. They can absorb _____ of times their own weight in water.
water
100s
202
Durable agents are more expensive than class _ foam.
A
203
Durable agents can be _____ dropped by tanker or helo
air
204
Durable agents ratio is ____. When used on Fireline 1.5 - 2%
When used for structure protection ____to____% is used. when applied at 2-3 percent, the product will adhere to a verticle surface for up to ____ hours. It can also be rehydrated with the application of a fine _____ extending the life several days.
1:100
2-3%
24 hours
fine mist.
