Chapter 14,15,17,19

Question 1

Nucleotide have phosphate attached at the ____ carbon atom of the sugar

Answer 1

5’

Question 2

The synthesis of the growing chain of DNA is carried out by adding nucleotide to the ___ end.

Answer 2

3’

Question 3

DNA consist of two antiparallel strands of nucleotide chains whose bases are held together by

Answer 3

hydrogen bonds

Question 4

The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along with nucleic acid chains is called

Answer 4

phosphodiester bond

Question 5

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA molecules is called

Answer 5

DNA polymerase.

Question 6

As the two strands of DNA are unraveled, the _______enzyme relieves the strain on the two strand.

Answer 6

DNA gyrase

Question 7

Components of nucleotides

Answer 7

Organic nitrogen bases
Sugar
Phosphate

Question 8

the pairing of nitrogen bases is A pairs with T and G pairs with C

Answer 8

Chargaff’s rules

Question 9

If A is 14% the what the rest ?

Answer 9

14% - T
C-36%
G-36%

Question 10

AATTGCCGT

Answer 10

TTAACGGCA

Question 11

a ribosome assembles a polypeptide, whose amino acids sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA

Answer 11

translation

Question 12

Amino acids are transported to the ribosomes for use in building the polypeptide by

Answer 12

tRNA

Question 13

number of bases need for a codon

Answer 13

3

Question 14

In eukaryotes, the empty tRNA molecules exit the ribosomes from the

Answer 14

E site.

Question 15

Central Dogma is

Answer 15

DNA → RNA→Proteins

Question 16

Restriction enzymes are

Answer 16

endonucleases.

Question 17

Gel ______ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size, by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

Answer 17

electrophoresis

Question 18

Small circular,extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as

Answer 18

plasmids

Question 19

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called

Answer 19

restriction endonucleases.

Question 20

A ______ consists of the entire DNA in a nucleus of a cell.

Answer 20

Genome

Question 21

Non-coding DNA regions within a gene are referred to as

Answer 21

introns

Question 22

A fertilized egg is called a

Answer 22

zygote

Question 23

the initial period of division in a zygote, is not accompanied by an increase in the overall size of the embryo.

Answer 23

Cleavage

Question 24

A hollow ball of cells that results from repeated cell

Answer 24

blastula

Question 25

Cells that die from injury usually swell then burst. Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid. This form of cell death is called

Answer 25

necrosis

Question 26

Apoptosis

Answer 26

programmed cell death a part of development

Question 27

Cell that were used to make Dolly

Answer 27

Stem cells

Question 28

neoplasia

Answer 28

the formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue can lead to cancer

Question 29

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cell, the dividing cells of an early embryo lacks the

Answer 29

G1 and G2 stages.