Chapter 14-17

Question 1

How much ATP is generated vis substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 1

4 total ATP

Question 2

Define Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 2

Oxygen is reduced by adding electrones and ADP is oxidised by phosphorylating it

Question 3

List the three complexes in the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 3

1. Complex 1: NADH dehydrogenase complex
2. Complex 2: Cytochrome C Reductive complex
3. Complex 3: Cytochrome C Oxidase complex

Question 4

The fluis in which orgenells are held

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

The double membraned orgenell that stores the cells DNA and controls the cells functions

Answer 5

Necleus

Question 6

Responsible for proteine synthesis

Answer 6

Rough ER

Question 7

Responsible for lipid synthesis

Answer 7

Smooth ER

Question 8

Handles sorting and packing

Answer 8

Golgi Appratus

Question 9

Containes enzymes responsible for digestion

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

ATP synthesis occures here

Answer 10

Mitochondira

Question 11

generates perxoisomes to detoxicify cell

Answer 11

Peroxisomes

Question 12

Contains the thylocoide membrane and the chroma

Answer 12

Chloropalsts

Question 13

Facilitates the sorting of material

Answer 13

Endosomes

Question 14

This system is defined as the communication system between diffrient orgenells

Answer 14

Endomenbrane system

Question 15

List the orgenells that are appart of the endomembrane system

Answer 15

• ER
• Golgi appratus
• Lysosmes
• Perxoisomes
• Endosomes

Question 16

Name the enzymes sent to perxoisomes to neutralize free radicals in the cell

Answer 16

Catlylase oxidase

Question 17

What needs to be present on a protien to determine where that proteine needs to go

Answer 17

a signal sequence

Question 18

List the organells whos proteins come from the cytosol

Answer 18

• necleus
• mitochondira
• chlorpalst
• peroxisome

Question 19

List the organells who recive their proteins from the ER

Answer 19

• Golgi appratus
• Lysosome
• Endosomes
• Inner Nuclear Membrane

Question 20

This transport method relies on a nuclear localization signal present on the protein being recognized by a nuclear import receptor and being dragged through the necluar pore

Also refered to as Gates Transport

Answer 20

Nuclear Pore Transport

Question 21

Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the cytosol

Answer 21

• Ran-GDP
• Ran-GAP

Question 22

Name the cofactors involved in gated transport that are of a higher concentration in the necluar pore

Answer 22

• Ran-GTP
• Ran-GEF

Question 23

This protein transportation method relies on mitochondrial signal sequence being recognized by a outter membrane protein translocator which traports the signal sequeqnce into the inner membrane space where it its recoginzed by and inner membrane transloacter and the rest of the protein is unfolded and tranported across.

Answer 23

Transmembrane protein transport (Mitochondria)

Question 24

The signal-recognition particle binds to the ribosome and the ER signal and is recognized by a receptor after proteine synthesis is slowed. Once bound, SRP is released and the ribosome is passed to a proteine translocator where proteine synthesis resetarts.

What is being discribed

Answer 24

Transmembrane proteine transport (ER)

Question 25

When a proteine is synthesized in the lumen, where are the ribosomes located?

Answer 25

on the ER

Question 26

Proteins in the lumen can end up where?

Answer 26

in the extra cellular space or in the lumen of another orgenell

Question 27

Discribe how single pass transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the ER

Answer 27

A signal sequence at the N-terminal initates transfer which will leater be halted by a stop transfer sequence and the polypeptide chain will be discharged into the lipid bilayer where synthesis on the cytosolic side will continue

Question 28

Discribe how double pass transmembrane protiens are synthesized

Answer 28

An internal signal sequence starts proteine transfer and is never removed and translocation starts until a stop sequence is reached. Some proteinhs have multiple start and stop sequences

Question 29

The movement of proteins across the inner and outer mitochondiral membrane are facilitated by what?

Answer 29

Chaperon proteins

Question 30

List the two main functions of the protein coat

Answer 30

* shaping the membrane into a bud * captrues molicules for transport

Question 31

This coat buds from the golgi appratus or from the enocytotic pathway plasma membrane

Answer 31

clathrin coat

Question 32

The protein responsible for pinching off the clathrin coated pit

Answer 32

Dynamin

Question 33

This protein is responsible for secureing the clathrin coat to the vessicle and selects specific cargo molicules

Answer 33

Adaptins

Question 34

Molucules selected by adaptins carry ________________ which are recognized by ____

Answer 34

* specific transport signals * cardo receptors

Question 35

Discribe how ion gated channels function

Answer 35

A signal molicule binds to the lignand of the channel which changes its conformation causing it to open and allowing for the transport of ions across the membrane

Question 36

When a cell is absorbing something

Answer 36

Endocytisus

Question 37

Cell drinking

Answer 37

Pinocytosis

Question 38

Cell eating

Answer 38

Phagocytosis

Question 39

When receptor is requiered for phagocytosis, it is ______ ______

Answer 39

Receptor mediated

Question 40

This form of signaling is done via hormones

Answer 40

Endocrine

Question 41

This form of signaling is revived by all cells near the signaling cell

Answer 41

Paracrine

Question 42

The signaling relies on neural cells

Answer 42

Neuronal

Question 43

This form of signaling relies on physical contact for communication

Answer 43

Contact dependent

Question 44

How are complex responses generated from signals?

Answer 44

Multiple signals at the same time result in complex responses

Question 45

G proteins aremade up of how many sub units

Answer 45

3

Question 46

Which two diseases are a result of a G proteine malfunction

Answer 46

Chloera Whooping cough

Question 47

What is the most common kind of enzyme kinked receptor

Answer 47

Receptor Tryosine Kinase