Chapter 14

Question 1

pollution that comes from a single identifiable source

Answer 1

point source pollution

Question 2

pollution that comes from many disperse sources

Answer 2

nonpoint source pollution

Question 3

source - lead-lined plumbing pipes, paint, some toys; mostly found in older homes and buildings
health effect - brain, nervous system, kidney damage esp.in fetuses, infants and kids (neurotoxin)
removal - replace old pipes, water filtration, laws preventing import of toys with this

Answer 3

lead

Question 4

source - natural in Earth’s crust & dissolves in groundwater; mining contributes to its presence in groundwater
health effect - skin, lung, kidney and bladder cancer
removal - removed from water with fine membrane filtration

Answer 4

arsenic

Question 5

source - released into air by burning of coal and incineration of garbage, medical, and dental supplies
health effects - biomagnification in food chain; damage to nervous system, esp;dangerous to fetuses and kids. (neurotoxin)
removal - reduce/stop coal combustion

Answer 5

mercury

Question 6

• the build up of a toxic chemical in the body of an individual organism over time
• happens as the organism gets bigger in size

Answer 6

bioaccumulation

Question 7

• toxin increase in concentration as they pass through the tropic levels within a food web
• happens in food webs
• mercury increase up the food web

Answer 7

biomagnification

Question 8

waterway that high levels of algae as a result of excess nutrients and low dissolved oxygen

Answer 8

eutrophication

Question 9

waterway with very low nutrient leaves and stable algae populations as well as high dissolved oxygen levels

Answer 9

oligotrophic

Question 10

a chemical compound that was used as an insecticide in the 1940s through the 1970s

Answer 10

DDT

Question 11

rain/snow with pH below 6 forms when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) released from burning coal are converted into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) in the atmosphere

Answer 11

acid precipitation

Question 12

SO2

Answer 12

sulfur dioxide

Question 13

NOx

Answer 13

nitrogen oxide

Question 14

H2SO4

Answer 14

sulfuric acid

Question 15

HNO3

Answer 15

nitric acid

Question 16

pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plastics, military compounds, and industrial compounds (PCBs and PBDEs) enter water supply from point or nonpoint sources

Answer 16

synthetic organic compounds (human made)

Question 17

• Chemicals to reduce pest populations
• source: Farms (DDT), Gardens/yards (Roundup)
• problems: Reduced populations in non-pest species

Answer 17

pesticides

Question 18

• Antibiotics, steroids, non-prescription drugs, reproductive meds
• source: Households, agriculture, industry, hospitals
• problem: Disrupts reproductive systems of fish and other species

Answer 18

Pharmaceuticals & Hormones (Endocrine Disruptors)

Question 19

• Chemicals such as perchlorates, used in rocket fuel
• source: Areas rockets are made, tested or dismantled
• problem: Affects thyroid gland and hormone production

Answer 19

military compounds

Question 20

• Chemicals used in manufacturing (PCBs, PBDEs)
• source: PCB: plastics & electronics. PBDE: flame retardant in furniture and clothes
• problem: PCB: Lethal and carcinogenic
  PBDE: Brain damage

Answer 20

industrial compounds

Question 21

• spills from oil tankers
• offshore drilling
• natural oil seeps

Answer 21

oil pollution sources

Question 22

fossil fuel and extracted from the Earth, is used to make several petroleum products,

Answer 22

petroleum/crude oil

Question 23

what was the largest marin oil spill in the US

Answer 23

Deep water Horizon

Question 24

garbage and sludge

Answer 24

solid waste

Question 25

Causes brown, cloudy water, reduces infiltration of sunlight, clogs gills

Answer 25

sediment pollution

Question 26

water used in cooling in electric power plants and industry

Answer 26

thermal pollution

Question 27

Ships, submarines, military sonar, air guns used in oil exploration interfere with animal communication

Answer 27

noise pollution

Question 28

Legislation that supports the “protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water” by maintaining and, when necessary, restoring the chemical, physical, and biological properties of surface waters

Answer 28

Clean Water Act

Question 29

Law that sets the national standards for safe drinking water. This law establishes the maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for 77 different elements or substances in surface and groundwater

Answer 29

safe drinking water act

Question 30

where is safe drinking water scarce?

Answer 30

developing countries

Question 31

DO

Answer 31

dissolved oxygen

Question 32

BOD

Answer 32

biochemical oxygen demand

Question 33

what are ways to clean up an oil spill?

Answer 33

- boom - dispersants - burn oil - GMO

Question 34

floating plastic devices that contain floating oil and suck it up

Answer 34

boom

Question 35

break down oil into droplets

Answer 35

dispersants

Question 36

bacteria eat the oil

Answer 36

GMO

Question 37

what water temp holds oxygen better?

Answer 37

cold water holds oxygen better than warm water

Question 38

industrial chemicals that are toxic and can cause cancer

Answer 38

PCB

Question 39

what happened to the bald eagle population when DDT was banned?

Answer 39

population increased

Question 40

what are some solutions to the problem about mircoplastics?

Answer 40

- Add filter to washing machine - Use a filter bag - Wash clothes less often

Question 41

toxic and will bioaccumulate in organisms and biomagnify in the food chain; cause neurological damage and birth defects

Answer 41

Methylmercury