Chapter 14

Question 1

acids according to bronsted-lowry:

Answer 1

H+ donor (proton donor)

Question 2

bases according to bronsted-lowry:

Answer 2

bases according to bronsted-lowry:

Question 3

hydronium ion

Answer 3

H+

Question 4

conjugate base

Answer 4

everything that remains of the acid molecule after an proton is lot

Question 5

conjugate acid:

Answer 5

formed when the proton is transferred to the base (accepts H+)

Question 6

conjugate acid-base pair:

Answer 6

consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single proton

Question 7

Ka

Answer 7

acid dissociation constant

Question 8

strong acid:

Answer 8

• equilibrium lies far to the RIGHT(all original HA is dissociated)
• strong acid yields a weak conjugate base
• Ka is large

Question 9

weak acid

Answer 9

• equilibrium lies far to the LEFT (all original HA is not dissociated)
• strong acid yields an strong conjugate base
• Ka is small

Question 10

diprotic acid:

Answer 10

a acid having two acidic protons

Question 11

oxyacid

Answer 11

the acidic proton is attached to a oxygen atom

Question 12

organic acids:

Answer 12

those with carbon atom backbone (contain carboxyl group)

Question 13

monoprotic acid:

Answer 13

have one acidic proton

Question 14

amphoteric:

Answer 14

can behave either as a acid or as a base (water)

Question 15

Kw:

Answer 15

• ion-product constant (dissociation constant for water)
• refers to the autoionization of water
• in any aqueous solution at 25 degrees celcius, no matter what it contains
• the product of (H+) and OH-) must equal: 1.0 10-14

Question 16

autoionization of water

Answer 16

-the transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another to produce an hydroxide ion (H30) and hydronium ion (OH)

Question 17

Kw in an neutral solution:

Answer 17

H+ = OH-

Question 18

Kw in an acidic solution:

Answer 18

H+ > OH-

Question 19

Kw in an basic solution:

Answer 19

OH- > H+

Question 20

pH:

Answer 20

• log [H+]

- pH decreases as H+ increases

Question 21

anions of an SA:

Answer 21

neutral (Cl-, NO3-, I-, ClO4-, Br-)

Question 22

cations of an SB:

Answer 22

neutral (Li +, Na+, K+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+)

Question 23

anion

Answer 23

(-)negative

Question 24

cation

Answer 24

positive (+)

Question 25

weak base

Answer 25

-Kb is small

Question 26

Ka>Kb

Answer 26

-ph < 7 (acidic)

Question 27

Kb>Ka

Answer 27

-ph > 7 (basic)

Question 28

Ka=Kb

Answer 28

-pH = 7 (neutral)

Question 29

anion of an WA:

Answer 29

slightly basic (anything but the anions of an SA)

Question 30

anion of an WB:

Answer 30

slightly acidic (anything but cations of SB)

Question 31

Strong acids:

Answer 31

``` HCl HNO3 HI H2SO4 HClO4 HBr ``` Claire (Cl) climbed over four (ClO4) brooms (Br) in Inida (I) while napping over 3 (NO3) solid ostriches (SO4)

Question 32

strong bases:

Answer 32

``` LiOH NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Sr (OH)2 Ba (OH)2 ```

Question 33

when you add a strong acid and strong base

Answer 33

the pH is neutral (7)

Question 34

triangle Hvap:

Answer 34

40.7 kJ/mol

Question 35

at STP

Answer 35

273 liters 1 atm liters moles

Question 36

triangle Hfus

Answer 36

:6.02kJ/mol