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Biomechanics > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Moment of inertia is the angular analogue of what?

A

mass

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2
Q

When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip?

A

decreased

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3
Q

In the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases?

A

angular velocity

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4
Q

Torque is the angular analogue of what?

A

force

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5
Q

Which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia?

A

m and k

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6
Q

Where is radius of gyration located in relation to center of gravity (COG)?

A

further from the axis

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7
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity?

A

increase

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8
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to his momentum?

A

remain the same

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9
Q

How many principle axes are there for the human body?

A

three

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10
Q

Somersaulting occurs around which of the following axes of rotation?

A

frontal

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11
Q

Which of the following variables affects angular momentum?

A

linear velocity angular acceleration neither A nor B

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12
Q

Which of the following is referred to as the “quantity of angular motion” possessed by a body?

A

angular momentum

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13
Q

Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?

A

angular velocity

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14
Q

Which of the following acts to produce a change in angular momentum?

A

angular impulse

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15
Q

The statement “a rotating body will maintain a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque” refers to which of the following?

A

Newton’s first law of inertia

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16
Q

Centripetal force is related to which of the following?

A

radial acceleration

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17
Q

Which of the following is known as “center-seeking” force?

A

centripetal force

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18
Q

Which of the following is true of a baserunner weighing 70 Newtons and a baserunner weighing 50 Newtons?

A

if the baserunners run at the same velocity around the bases, the heavier baserunner will have to lean in more towards the pitcher’s mound due to a greater centripetal force

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19
Q

When a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act?

A

on the tires of the cycle

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20
Q

Centrifugal force is a misnomer. What is really happening when you feel a pull to the outside while rounding a curve?

A

inertia

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21
Q

What effect does “choking up” on a bat have?

A

decreases moment of inertia and indreases angular velocity both A and B

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22
Q

Regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip, which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter?

A

massive thighs and slimmer lower legs

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23
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the radius of gyration of the forearm segment?

A

It is greater with respect to the wrist than with respect to the elbow.

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24
Q

Which of the following are accurate units for moment of inertia?

A

kg•m2

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25
Rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia (anatomical position)?
longitudinal
26
Which of the following is/are accurate formula(s) for angular momentum?
H = Iw, H = mk2w, oth A and B
27
If a pendulum stops swinging, which of the following is/are true?
Angular velocity=0 angular momentum=0 both A and B.
28
What are the appropriate units for angular momentum?
kg•m2/s
29
How come gravity does not affect angular momentum?
dw = 0 T=0 both A and B
30
If total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike?
compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction
31
Why does a figure skater cross his arms tightly across the chest when performing a quadruple axel?
to increase angular velocity, to reduce moment of inertia both A and B
32
According to Newton's 2nd Law, what is the relationship among torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?
T = I?
33
Which of Newton's laws (angular analogues) explains why a batter wears cleats?
3rd law – reaction
34
Which of the following is/are most important factor(s) affecting the magnitude of centripetal force?
tangential linear velocity
35
How can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve?
slow down, slow down lean to the inside of the curve both A and B
36
Which of the following are accurate units for centripetal force?
N
37
When a discus thrower spins and then releases the discus, what direction will it travel?
tangent to the circular path at release
38
Why do sprint coaches stress “heel to buttocks” during sprinting?
reduces moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip
39
Why is a bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle?
k is reduced
40
Why are golf club heads weighted?
to increase the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft
41
Moment of inertia is the angular analogue of what?
mass
42
When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip?
decreased
43
In the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases?
angular velocity
44
Torque is the angular analogue of what?
force
45
Which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia?
m and k
46
Where is radius of gyration located in relation to center of gravity (COG)?
further from the axis
47
If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity?
increase
48
If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to his momentum?
remain the same
49
How many principle axes are there for the human body?
three
50
Somersaulting occurs around which of the following axes of rotation?
frontal
51
Which of the following variables affects angular momentum?
linear velocity angular acceleration neither A nor B
52
Which of the following is referred to as the "quantity of angular motion" possessed by a body?
angular momentum
53
Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?
angular velocity
54
Which of the following acts to produce a change in angular momentum?
angular impulse
55
The statement "a rotating body will maintain a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque" refers to which of the following?
Newton's first law of inertia
56
Centripetal force is related to which of the following?
radial acceleration
57
Which of the following is known as "center-seeking" force?
centripetal force
58
Which of the following is true of a baserunner weighing 70 Newtons and a baserunner weighing 50 Newtons?
if the baserunners run at the same velocity around the bases, the heavier baserunner will have to lean in more towards the pitcher's mound due to a greater centripetal force
59
When a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act?
on the tires of the cycle
60
Centrifugal force is a misnomer. What is really happening when you feel a pull to the outside while rounding a curve?
inertia
61
What effect does “choking up” on a bat have?
reduces moment of inertia and increases increases angular velocity of swing both A and B
62
Regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip, which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter?
massive thighs and slimmer lower legs
63
Which of the following accurately describes the radius of gyration of the forearm segment?
It is greater with respect to the wrist than with respect to the elbow.
64
Which of the following are accurate units for moment of inertia?
kg•m2
65
Rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia (anatomical position)?
longitudinal
66
Which of the following is/are accurate formula(s) for angular momentum?
H = Iw, H = mk2w, both A and B
67
If a pendulum stops swinging, which of the following is/are true?
Angular velocity=0 angular momentum=0 both A and B.
68
What are the appropriate units for angular momentum?
kg•m2/s
69
How come gravity does not affect angular momentum?
d? = 0 T=0 both A and B
70
If total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike?
compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction
71
Why does a figure skater cross his arms tightly across the chest when performing a quadruple axel?
to increase angular velocity, to reduce moment of inertia both A and B
72
According to Newton's 2nd Law, what is the relationship among torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?
T = I?
73
Which of Newton's laws (angular analogues) explains why a batter wears cleats?
3rd law – reaction
74
Which of the following is/are most important factor(s) affecting the magnitude of centripetal force?
tangential linear velocity
75
How can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve?
slow down, slow down lean to the inside of the curve both A and B
76
Which of the following are accurate units for centripetal force?
N
77
When a discus thrower spins and then releases the discus, what direction will it travel?
tangent to the circular path at release
78
Why do sprint coaches stress “heel to buttocks” during sprinting?
reduces moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip
79
Why is a bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle?
k is reduced
80
Why are golf club heads weighted?
to increase the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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