Chapter 14

Question 1

a process in which the materials of Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity.

Answer 1

Erosion

Question 2

the movement of a large mass of sediment or a section of land down a slope

Answer 2

Mass Movement

Question 3

thick, tropical soils that contain iron and aluminum minerals that do not dissolve easily in water.

Answer 3

Laterites

Question 4

the slow, downslope flow of soil saturated with water in areas surrounding glaciers at high elevations

Answer 4

Solifluction

Question 5

The part of a rock that is exposed to air, water, and other agents of weathering

Answer 5

Surface Area

Question 6

the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions

Answer 6

Chemical Weathering

Question 7

a loose mixture of rock fragments and organic material that can support the growth of vegetation

Answer 7

Soil

Question 8

the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather resistant rocks do.

Answer 8

Differential Weathering

Question 9

a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

particles have a diameter from 0.002 to 0.05 mm.

Answer 10

Silt

Question 11

natural zones of weakness within the rock.

Answer 11

Joints

Question 12

mountains that are not being uplifted become low, featureless surfaces

Answer 12

Peneplains

Question 13

Whatdoelichensandmossesproducethataffect weathering ?

Answer 13

Weak Acids

Question 14

Describe artic climates

Answer 14

rainfall is minimal and chemical weathering occurs slowly.

too warm or too cold to sustain life, so their soils have little humus.

Question 15

The soil is thin and consist mostly of regolith-evidence.

Answer 15

Artic soil

Question 16

Whataretheagentsof weathering?

Answer 16

ice, plants and animals, gravity, running water, and wind.

Question 17

What things call cause abrasion ?

Answer 17

Gravity & Running Water

Question 18

Howdoestheamountofarock’ssurfaceareasaffectweathering?

Answer 18

As a rock breaks into smaller pieces, the surface area that is exposed increases.
The larger the surface area, the higher the rate of weathering.

Question 19

Whatsedimentaryrocksweathermostquickly?

Answer 19

Limestone and other sedimentary rocks that contain calcite

Question 20

Whatclimateshavethefastestrateofweathering

Answer 20

hot and cold weather

Question 21

Parentrockthatisrickinquartzbecomesoilthatcontainsalotofwhat?

Answer 21

sand

Question 22

Whatfarmingmethodsconservesoil?

Answer 22

Crop rotation, contour plowing, and terracing

Question 23

Whatlandformsaretheresultofweatheringanderosion?

Answer 23

mountains, plains, and plateaus.

Question 24

Whataretheformsofmechanicalweathering?

Answer 24

Ice Wedging and Abrasion

Question 25

What climates have the slowest rate of weathering?

Answer 25

hot, dry climates.

Question 26

What are some examples of chemical weathering? 

Answer 26

Oxidation, hydrolysis, acid precipitation, and carbonation

Question 27

Describe the three main horizons of residual soil.

Answer 27

A, B , and C horizons

Question 28

Describe the process of crop rotation.

Answer 28

farmers plant one type of crop one year and a different type of crop the next.a farmer might plant a crop that will be harvested one year, and then plant a cover crop the next year. The cover crop does not get harvested. It helps to slow runoff and hold the soil in place.

Question 29

How is chemical weathering different from mechanical weathering? 

Answer 29

Well mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces by physical means and chemical weathering is the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions.

Question 30

What is differential weathering? 

Answer 30

the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather resistant rocks do.