Chapter 14 Flashcards
(33 cards)
2) What are the major differences between the atria and ventricles?
2) The atria stand for the upper chambers of the heart, while the ventricles are the lower chambers. 2. Atria act as receptors of deoxygenated blood, while ventricles receive blood from the left atria and force it into the aorta.
4) The cardiac circuit that delivers blood to and from the lungs is called the;
4) Pulmonary circuit.
5) The cardiac circuit that delivers blood to and from the body is called the;
5) Systemic circuit.
6) Why is the human circulatory system called “closed”?
6) This means that blood is always enclosed in vessels.
7) Blood that is moving away from the heart would be found in;
7) Arteries.
8) Red blood is found in;
8) All blood vessels.
9) Gas and nutrient exchange always takes place in the;
9) Capillaries.
10) Blood that is moving away from the heart would be found in;
10) Arteries.
11) Blood always flows down a ___ gradient
11) Pressure.
12) Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure? The lowest?
12) Highest at the heart (aorta) Lowest at vena cava.
13) What percent of the initial pressure is lost as blood moves through the circulatory system?
13) 90%.
14) In what units is blood flow rate measured in?
14) L/min.
15) What is the equation that determines flow velocity?
15) v= rate/cross-sectional area of vessel.
16) What 3 forms of resistance slow blood flow?
16) Vessel diameter; smaller= decrease flow
Blood viscocity; thicker= decreased flow
Tube length; longer = decreased
17) The membranous sac that covers and protects the heart is called the;
17) Pericardium.
18) What vessels supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen?
18) Coronary vessels.
19) What type of valves would you find between; atria and ventricles? Ventricles and arteries?
19) The atria and the ventricles are separated by valves called atrioventricular valves. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. The left atrium and left ventricle are separated by the mitral valve.
20) How are AV valves different from semilunar valves in structure?
20) Atrioventricular valves are much better at restricting flow, they have chordates tendineae and papillary muscles to reinforce the muscles. Semilunar valves don’t have ability to withstand back flow.
21) What term refers to the muscle tissue that makes up the majority of the structure of the heart:
21) Myocardium.
22) What term means that a tissue can generate action potentials without a stimulus?
22) Autorythmic.
23) What are the major function(s) of the desmosomes in the heart tissue?
23) Cell to cell connections, transfer force.
24) What are the major function(s) of the gap junctions in the heart tissue?
24) Fast electrical signal transfer.
25) Why do heart muscle cells have so many mitochondria? Such large T-tubules?
25) The heart is constantly working. Mitochondria provide energy to all the cells in the body. The cells in the heart are working all the time and working hard. As a result the cells need a lot of energy and therefore a lot of mitochondria to produce the energy. Large T-tubules are for spread into from surface to center.
26) As heart muscle is stretched, the force it can generate goes down T/F
26) F.
