chapter 14

Question 1

an order from a superior court to a lower to send the entire record of a case for review

Answer 1

writ of certiorari

Question 2

a system of law developed in England based on tradition and court decisions rather than legal code

Answer 2

common law

Question 3

a court’s power to hear a case before it is considered by any other court

Answer 3

original jurisdiction

Question 4

a principle of law that bases decisions on judicial precedent

Answer 4

stare decisis

Question 5

the division of law dealing with private citizens legal rights in disputes with other citizens

Answer 5

civil law

Question 6

a court that guides subsequent decisions in related cases

Answer 6

precedent

Question 7

the division of law that treats crimes prosecuted by the government

Answer 7

criminal law

Question 8

to petition a higher court to review a lower court decision

Answer 8

appeal

Question 9

to rule against a lower court decision

Answer 9

reverse

Question 10

to approve the decision of a lower court

Answer 10

affirm

Question 11

a legal document that presents arguments supporting a client’s position in case

Answer 11

brief

Question 12

declared the doctrine of judicial review

Answer 12

Marbury v madison

Question 13

declared that states may not tax the US government

Answer 13

McCulloch v Maryland

Question 14

declared an end to school segregation

Answer 14

brown v board of education

Question 15

declared abortion legal

Answer 15

roe v wade

Question 16

declared same-sex marriage legal

Answer 16

Obergefell v Hodges

Question 17

the code of Hammurabi was an ancient ____ law code

Answer 17

Babylonian

Question 18

the corpus Juris civils was an ancient ____ law code

Answer 18

roman

Question 19

common law rather than a law code was used by the

Answer 19

English

Question 20

the united states currently have how many district courts

Answer 20

94

Question 21

the unites states currently have how many circuit courts of appeals

Answer 21

13

Question 22

the united states currently have how many members of the supreme court

Answer 22

9

Question 23

the ____ is the written report detailing the reasoning of the winning side in a supreme court case

Answer 23

majority opinion

Question 24

a member of the supreme court who votes with the losing side may write a

Answer 24

dissenting opinion

Question 25

a member of the supreme court who votes for the winning side for a reason different than that presented in the decision may write a

Answer 25

concurring opinion

Question 26

how long is the term of office of a US supreme court member

Answer 26

life

Question 27

the french ruler ____ created a unified law code for his country

Answer 27

Napolean

Question 28

the system of the coexistence of federal and state courts in the united is known as

Answer 28

judicial federalism

Question 29

the trail courts of the federal judicial system are known as ____ courts

Answer 29

district

Question 30

a _____ is a panel of citizens who considers the prosecution's case and determines whether there is enough evidence against the accused to warrant a jury trial

Answer 30

jury

Question 31

occasionally,circuit court judges sit _____ as a whole group

Answer 31

en banc

Question 32

judges on the supreme court are called

Answer 32

justices

Question 33

the highest-ranking judge on the supreme court is known as

Answer 33

the chief of justice

Question 34

more than half of states use a judge selection method known as the ____ allowing the governor to appoint a judge from a list given by a judicial commission. Later the Judge must be confirmed in an election

Answer 34

Missouri plan

Question 35

the court's right to declare government actions unconstitutional is the doctrine of

Answer 35

judicial review

Question 36

each lawyer receives exactly ____ minutes to present the case to the supreme court

Answer 36

thirty

Question 37

what book strongly influenced American founders and produced a key to the system of common law

Answer 37

commentaries on the law of England

Question 38

what term refers to the revelation of God's law through scripture

Answer 38

revealed law

Question 39

what term refers to the revelation of God's law through the creation

Answer 39

natural law

Question 40

the ___ of 1789 established a system of inferior federal courts and launched the supreme court

Answer 40

judiciary act

Question 41

what does the political slang word bork mean

Answer 41

to defame or vilify systematically, especially in the mass media usually with the aim of preventing his or her appointment to public office; to obstruct or thwart in this way is the political slang word

Question 42

the order a typical federal case travel through the three levels of the federal judiciary system is

Answer 42

1. district court 2. circuit court of appeals 3. the supreme court