Chapter 14:Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

is a vague feeling of dread or apprehension; it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and
physical symptoms.

Answer 1

Anxiety

Question 2

is feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable external stimulus that represents
danger to the person.

Answer 2

Fear

Question 3

is the wear and tear that life causes on the body (Selye, 1956).

Answer 3

Stress

Question 4

an endocrinologist, identified the physiological
aspects of stress, which he labeled general adaptation syndrome.

Answer 4

Hans Selye

Question 5

Hans Selye (1956, 1974), an endocrinologist, identified the physiological aspects of stress, which he labeled

Answer 5

General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 6

Three Stages of reaction to stress:

Answer 6

*Alarm Reaction Stage
*Resistance Stage
*Exhaustion Stage

Question 7

stress stimulates the body to send messages
from the hypothalamus to the glands to prepare for potential defense needs.

Answer 7

Alarm Reaction Stage

Question 8

the digestive system reduces function to shunt blood to areas needed for defense. The lungs take in more air, and the heart beats faster and harder so that it can circulate this highly oxygenated and highly nourished blood to the muscles to defend the body by fight, flight, 1or freeze behaviors.

Answer 8

Resistance Stage

Question 9

occurs when the person has responded negatively to
anxiety and stress; body stores are depleted or the emotional components are not resolved, resulting in continual arousal of the physiological responses and little reserve capacity

Answer 9

Exhaustion Stage

Question 10

Levels of Anxiety:

Answer 10

*Mild Anxiety
*Moderate Anxiety
*Severe Anxiety
*Panic

Question 11

Benzodiazepines have a high potential for abuse and dependence, however; so their use should be short term, ideally no longer than

Answer 11

4 to 6 weeks

Question 12

is diagnosed in children when they fail to speak in social situations even though they are able to speak.

Answer 12

Selective Mutism

Question 13

is anxiety directly caused by drug abuse, a medication, or exposure to a toxin.

Answer 13

Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Question 14

is excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from persons, parents, or caregivers to whom the client is attached.

Answer 14

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Question 15

is the amino acid neurotransmitter believed to be dysfunctional in anxiety disorders.

Answer 15

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 16

functions as the body’s natural antianxiety agent by
reducing cell excitability, thus decreasing the rate of neuronal firing.

Answer 16

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 17

are cognitive distortions that a person uses unconsciously to maintain a sense of being in control of a situation, to lessen discomfort, and to deal with stress.

Answer 17

Defense Mechanism

Question 18

means turning negative messages into positive messages.

Answer 18

Positive Reframing

Question 19

involves the therapist’s use of questions to more
realistically appraise the situation.

Answer 19

Decatastrophizing

Question 20

helps the person take more control over life situations. These techniques help the person negotiate interpersonal situations and foster self-assurance.

Answer 20

Assertiveness Training

Question 21

The treatment of choice for anxiety disorders
in the elderly is

Answer 21

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants

Question 22

is composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks, that is, 15 to 30 minutes of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiological discomfort.

Answer 22

Panic Disorder

Question 23

“fear of the marketplace” or fear of being outside

Answer 23

Agoraphobia

Question 24

is the relief of anxiety achieved by performing the
specific anxiety-driven behavior, such as staying in the house to avoid the anxiety of leaving a safe place.

Answer 24

Primary Gain

Question 25

is the attention received from others as a result of these behaviors. (primary gain

Answer 25

Secondary Gain

Question 26

is an illogical, intense, and persistent fear of a specific object or a social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning.

Answer 26

Phobia

Question 27

three categories of phobias:

Answer 27

*Agoraphobia *Specific phobia *Social anxiety or phobia

Question 28

fear of storms, water, heights, or other natural phenomena

Answer 28

Natural environmental phobias

Question 29

fear of seeing one’s own or others’ blood, traumatic injury, or an invasive medical procedure such as an injection

Answer 29

Blood–injection phobias

Question 30

fear of being in a specific situation such as on a bridge or in a tunnel, elevator, small room, hospital, or airplane

Answer 30

Situational phobias

Question 31

fear of animals or insects (usually a specific type; often, this fear develops in childhood and can continue through adulthood in both men and women

Answer 31

Animal Phobia

Question 32

also known as social anxiety disorder

Answer 32

Social Phobia

Question 33

the person becomes severely anxious to the point of panic or incapacitation when confronting situations involving people

Answer 33

Social Phobia

Question 34

in which the therapist progressively exposes the client to the threatening object in a safe setting until the client’s anxiety decreases.

Answer 34

Systemic desensitization

Question 35

is a form of rapid desensitization in which a behavioral therapist confronts the client with the phobic object (either a picture or the actual object) until it no longer produces anxiety.

Answer 35

Flooding