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TEAS > Chapter 14-Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14-Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

rostral

A

toward the forehead

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2
Q

caudal

A

toward the feet

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3
Q

3 major regions of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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4
Q

cerebrum

A

83% of brain volume

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5
Q

cerebellum

A

50% of neurons

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6
Q

longitidunal fissure

A

separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

cortex

A

surface layer of grey matter

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8
Q

gyri

A

folds, increase the surface area for gray matter

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9
Q

sulci

A

grooves

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10
Q

nuclei

A

bundles of grey matter in CNS

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11
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons (white matter) in CNS

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12
Q

What are the meninges of the brain?

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pita mater

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13
Q

dura mater

A

outermost tough membrane, 2 layers
-outer periosteal layer
-inner meningeal layer

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14
Q

falx cerebr.

A

separates left and right halves of cerebrum

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15
Q

falx cerebelli

A

separates left and right halves of cerebellum

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16
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates cerebellum from cerebrum

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17
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges
bacterial and viral invasion of the CNS
high fevers, stiff neck, drowsiness, intense headache

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18
Q

lateral ventricles

A

found inside cerebral hemispheres
2
-interventricular foramen

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19
Q

third ventricle

A

single vertical space under corpus callosum
-cerebral aqueduct

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20
Q

fourth ventricle

A
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21
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear liquid that fills ventricles, forms by filtration of blood through choroid plexus
-functions include buoyancy, protection, chemical stability

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22
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of CSF

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23
Q

blood brain barrier

A

tightly joined endothelium of blood capillaries

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24
Q

blood CSF barrier

A

at choroid plexus, ependymal cells joined by tight junctions

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25
What materials can pass through the blood brain barrier?
lipid soluble materials
26
Hindbrain: Medulla oblongata
primitive brain, spinal cord 1. cardiac center-adjusts rate and force of heartbeat 2. vasomotor center- adjusts blood vessel diameter 3. respiratory centers 4. reflex centers
27
pons
ascending sensory tracts descending motor tracts nuclei concerned w/ sleep, hearing, balance, respiration
28
midbrain
eye movement cerebral aqueduct
29
Major regions of the midbrain
1. cerebral peduncles 2. tegmentum- connects to cerebellum and helps control fine movement 3. substantia nigra- motor center relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal ganglia (degeneration can lead to tremors and Parkinson) 4. central gray matter 5. tectum- nuclei that track moving objects, reflex turning of head to sound
30
reticular formation
scattered throughout all areas of the brainstem 1. motor control-balance and posture 2. central pattern generators 3. cardiovascular control 4. pain 5. regulates sleep and conscious attention
31
cerebellum
muscular coordination equilibrium connected to brainstem through peduncles granule cells
32
thalamus
apart of diencephalon gateway to cerebral cortex -receives nearly all sensory information -emotional and memory functions
33
hypothalamus "i feel"
major control center for ANS and endocrine - hormone secretion -food and water intake -emotional behavior -thermoregulation
34
epithalamus
pineal gland-secretes melatonin habenula- connects limbic system to midbrain
35
cerebrum
contains the lobes
36
frontal lobe
planning mood personality
37
parietal lobe
sensory reception
38
occipital lobe
visual center of brain
39
temporal lobe
hearing, learning, emotional behavior
40
projection tracts
from brain to spinal cord
41
association tracts
connect different regions of the same hemisphere
42
commisural tracts
cross one hemisphere to another -in cerebrum
43
cerebral cortex
40% of brain -stellate cells receive sensory info and process info, have dendrites projecting in all directions -pyramid cells have an axon that passes out of the area
44
limbic system
contain amgydala which is responsible for emotions and hippocampus which is responsible for memory
45
EEG
monitors electrical activity of brain waves
46
alpha waves
awake and resting with eyes closed, mind wandering 8-13 hz
47
beta waves
14-30 hz eyes open and performing mental tasks
48
theta wave
4-7 hz drowsy or sleeping adults
49
delta waves
<3.5 hz deep sleep in adults can indicate serious brain damage in awake adults
50
sleep
cycle of circadian rhythms
51
suprachiasmatic nucleus
biological clock to set our circadian rhythm of sleep and waking
52
non rem
stage 1- drifting sensation, claim to not be sleeping stage 2- still easily aroused, EEG is more irregular stage 3- vital signs change, bp and breathing rates drop stage 4- deep sleep
53
REM sleep
rapid eye movements under the eyelids occurs about 5 times a night
54
cognition
mental processes such as awareness, perception, thinking, and knowledge
55
anterograde amnesia
can not store new data
56
retrograde amnesia
can not remember old data
57
hippocampus
organizes info into a memory
58
cerebellum
helps learn motor skills
59
What controls how emotions are expressed?
prefrontal cortex formed by hypothalamus and amygdala
60
somesthetic
receptors for pain, touch, pressure, heat
61
special senses
vision, hearing
62
wernickes area
permits recognition of spoken and written language
63
brocas area
-generates motor program for larynx, tongue, cheeks, lips
64
aphasia
language deficit resulting from lesion in wernickes area

TEAS (16 decks)

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