Chapter 14 - Early Adulthood Developmental Changes

Question 1

Early adulthood is when _____ are expanding.

Answer 1

-roles

Question 2

What are Roisman’s 5 domains developmental tasks fall into? (5)

Answer 2

-academic
-friendship
-conduct (following rules)
-work
-romantic

Question 3

_____ and ___________ relationships are associated with the most adjustment difficulties in emerging adulthood.

Answer 3

-work; romantic

Question 4

What are Levinson’s life structures? Example (2)

Answer 4

-the structures that exist within our life, adulthood is a balance of stability and instability,
-for example marriage requires a new life structure

Question 5

Define intimacy

Answer 5

-the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one’s sense of self

Question 6

What conflict does Erikson say occurs in early adulthood (18-40 years)?

Answer 6

-intimacy vs. isolation

Question 7

What does successful resolution of intimacy vs. isolation look like? How about if it doesn’t occur? (2)

Answer 7

-Successfully developing intimacy leads to strong connections and a sense of belonging.
-Failing to do so may result in feelings of loneliness, isolation, and fear of commitment.

Question 8

Differences with respect to intimacy may pose challenges. Research suggest many women see _____________ as essential to intimacy/

Answer 8

-self-disclosure

Question 9

What is the parental investment theory?

Answer 9

-mate selection is based on different investments in childrearing

Question 10

Define social role theory

Answer 10

-sex differences become different gender roles

Question 11

What is assortative mating (homogamy)?

Answer 11

-we pick people similar to ourselves

Question 12

Describe the neuroscience view of human attachment.

Answer 12

-parent-child and romantic couple bonds share much of the same neural architecture and physiology (even close friends too)

Question 13

The average age for someone’s first marriage in Canada has _________.

Answer 13

-increased

Question 14

An increasingly high proportion of 20-34 year olds are now living ______, with ________, with _______________, or with their _________.

Answer 14

-alone, roommates, relatives, parents

Question 15

What psychological factors are important for predicting the quality of relationships? (4)

Answer 15

-attachment
-personality traits
-love
-conflict management

Question 16

Sternberg suggests 3 key components of love: _________, _________, and ___________ and these create 7 sub-varieties of love.

Answer 16

-intimacy, passion, commitment

Question 17

Consumate love includes?

Answer 17

-intimacy, commitment and passion

Question 18

What is companionate love?

Answer 18

-intimacy, commitment

Question 19

Conflict management: how a couple manages ______ is a key predictor of ______________ _______.

Answer 19

-conflict; relationship quality

Question 20

Couples with stable or enduring marriages have a higher ratio of __________ to _________ interactions.

Answer 20

-positive; negative

Question 21

What are the 3 styles of relationships according to Gottman that are more positive? (3)

Answer 21

-validating
-volatile
-avoidant

Question 22

What is validating?

Answer 22

-mutual respect in disagreements; good listeners

Question 23

What is a volatile relationship?

Answer 23

-argue and disagree but have a balance of positive interactions

Question 24

What is an avoidant relationship?

Answer 24

-minimize conflict; agree to disagree

Question 25

What are the two types of relationships that predicted unsuccessful marriages according to Gottman?

Answer 25

-hostile/engaged and hostile/detatched

Question 26

What is hostile/engaged?

Answer 26

-frequent arguments but little humour and affection

Question 27

What is hostile/detached?

Answer 27

-rarely look at each other and lack affection/support

Question 28

What is a significant predictor of negative relationship quality?

Answer 28

-contempt

Question 29

Living together before marriage is often seen as a way to test compatibility. Research shows it is linked to ______ marital satisfaction and a divorce rate __________.

Answer 29

-lower; divorce rate twice as high

Question 30

Why do people that live together before marriage have worse outcomes for their marriage? (2)

Answer 30

-Nature of the relationship (cohabitation may be viewed as more ambiguous) -Nature of the individuals (typically less homogamous)

Question 31

What are the three patterns of attachment for single hood?

Answer 31

-avoidance, anxiety, security

Question 32

Define avoidance in terms of single hood.

Answer 32

-uncomfortable with anxiety

Question 33

Define anxiety in terms of single hood attachments.

Answer 33

-distress when attachment needs not met

Question 34

Define security in terms of single hood and attachments.

Answer 34

-they choose to be single and close friends are important

Question 35

Self-affirmation that one chooses to stay single may _______ against some of the _______ aspects of single hood.

Answer 35

-help protect; negative

Question 36

_____% of 20-34 year olds report they don't expect to have children?

Answer 36

6-9%

Question 37

During parenthood, marital satisfaction tends to _______ and problems that existed prior to parenthood typically ________.

Answer 37

-decline; intensify

Question 38

___________ fluctuates less over time for childless couples.

Answer 38

-marital satisfaction

Question 39

________ and _________ remain significant parts of the young adults life.

Answer 39

-parents; family members