Chapter 14: Helping and cooperation

Question 1

cooperation

Answer 1

two or more people working together toward a common goal that will benefit all involved

Question 2

altruism

Answer 2

behavior intended to help someone else without any prospect of personal rewards for the helper

Question 3

egoism

Answer 3

behavior motivated by the desire to obtain personal rewards

Question 4

norm of social responsibility

Answer 4

norm that those able to take care of themselves have a duty and obligation to assist those who cannot

Question 5

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 5

effect of other people present on diminishing each individual’s perceived responsibility for helping; one explanation for the bystander effect

Question 6

bystander effect

Answer 6

finding that the presence of more bystanders consistently decreases the likelihood of any one person giving help

Question 7

negative-state relief model

Answer 7

theory that most people hate to watch others suffer, so the ultimate goal of their help is not to aid the person in need for his/her sake, but to reduce the helper’s own distress

Question 8

empathy-altruism model

Answer 8

theory that feelings of empathic concern lead to a motive to help someone in needs for his/her own sake

Question 9

social dilemma

Answer 9

form of interdependence in which the most rewarding action for each individual will, if chosen by all individuals, produce a negative outcome for the entire group

Question 10

trust

Answer 10

expectation that others will act prosocially during a social interaction

Question 11

social value orientation

Answer 11

stable differences in the ways people act in social dilemmas (such as competitive or prosocial)