Chapter 14: Nervous System

Question 1

Anatomical components of CNS

Answer 1

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 2

Anatomical components of PNS

Answer 2

cranial & spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 3

What does the CNS do?

Answer 3

command center of nervous system, integrates and processes nervous information

Question 4

What does the PNS do?

Answer 4

project information to and receive information from CNS

Question 5

Function of somatic sensory

Answer 5

transmits input from skin, fascia, joints and skeletal muscle

Question 6

Function of visceral sensory

Answer 6

transmits input from viscera

Question 7

Function of somatic motor

Answer 7

transmits voluntary output to skeletal muscle

Question 8

Function of autonomic motor

Answer 8

transmits involuntary output to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 9

Five characteristics of neurons

Answer 9

1. high metabolic rate
2. extreme longevity
3. nonmitotic, cannot divide and produce
4. excitable
5. exhibit conductivity

Question 10

Function of a neuron

Answer 10

generate and carry electrical signals

Question 11

What do dendrites do?

Answer 11

receive input and transfer it to the cell body for processing

Question 12

What does the soma do?

Answer 12

control center; responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses

Question 13

What does the axon do?

Answer 13

pass signals on to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters

Question 14

Function of glial cells

Answer 14

protect and help nourish neurons and provide supporting framework for all nervous tissue

Question 15

Four types of glial cells?

Answer 15

1. astrocytes
2. microglial cells
3. ependymal cells
4. oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Astrocyte appearance

Answer 16

large cell with numeral cell processes, connected to capillaries and neurons (end foot)

Question 17

Ependymal cell appearance

Answer 17

simple cuboidal epithelial cell with cilia

Question 18

Microglial cell appearance

Answer 18

small cell with slender branches from cell body

Question 19

Oligodendrocyte appearance

Answer 19

rounded, bulbous cell with slender cytoplasmic extensions

Question 20

Satellite cell appearance

Answer 20

flattened cell clustered around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion

Question 21

Neurolemmocyte appearance

Answer 21

flattened cell wrapped around a portion of an axon in the PNS

Question 22

What is myelin?

Answer 22

surrounds axons, acts as electrical insulation so signal travels faster

Question 23

What is the name of the slightly expanded region at the tip of the terminal arborizations?

Answer 23

synaptic knobs