Chapter 14: Nutrition for Childbearing

Question 1

Jewish pregnant women must follow a strict ___________ diet.

Answer 1

kosher

Question 2

carbohydrates should be ___-___% of total calories

Answer 2

45, 65

Question 3

Pregnant women need ___-___ cups of water per day

Answer 3

8, 10

Question 4

Five food categories high in iron

Answer 4

meats and fish, legumes, grains, fruits, vegetables

Question 5

When are iron supplements started during pregnancy?

Answer 5

In 2nd trimester after nausea subsides

Question 6

Five foods that are a good source of vitamin C

Answer 6

strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, peppers

Question 7

Pregnant women have an increased need for sodium due to increased _______________, but excessive amounts should be avoided.

Answer 7

blood volume

Question 8

Type of vegetarianism in which meat and dairy products are avoided but eggs are consumed

Answer 8

ovovegetarian

Question 9

This amount of exercise is recommended in pregnant women

Answer 9

moderate (more exercise may need extra calories and fluids)

Question 10

Vitamin C is important for the development of these three things

Answer 10

fetal tissue, collagen, immune system

Question 11

Fats are needed for ______________ and __________ development

Answer 11

neurological, vision

Question 12

When teaching about nutrition, teach to avoid _________ calories and eat foods that are ________________.

Answer 12

empty, nutrient-dense

Question 13

Proteins are necessary for _______________, tissue __________, and tissue ___________.

Answer 13

metabolism, synthesis, repair

Question 14

Total weight gain if mother is obese

Answer 14

11-20 lbs (5-9 kg)

Question 15

Distribution: Weight gain in uterus

Answer 15

2.5 lbs (1.1 kg)

Question 16

Proteins are increased especially in the second trimester for these two reasons

Answer 16

1. expanding blood volume
2. growth of fetal and maternal tissue

Question 17

Distribution: Weight gain in maternal reserves

Answer 17

4-9.5 lbs (1.8-4.3 kg)

Question 18

In Korea, pregnant women cannot have _______________.

Answer 18

duck eggs

Question 19

Recommended dosage of folic acid for pregnant women 3 months and beyond

Answer 19

600 mcg/day

Question 20

Weight loss over 2 weeks following birth

Answer 20

9 lbs

Question 21

Heme iron is present in (plant, animal) sources, and ___% is absorbed.

Answer 21

animal, 25

Question 22

Diets high in ______ may cause feeling of fullness before enough calories are consumed

Answer 22

fiber

Question 23

Distribution: Weight gain in amniotic fluid

Answer 23

2 lbs (0.9 kg)

Question 24

Alcohol in breast milk peaks at ___-____ minutes alone and ____-____ minutes with food. A breastfeeding woman should not nurse for at least _______ after alcohol consumption.

Answer 24

30, 60, 60, 90, 2 hours

Question 25

Breastfeeding women need ______ more calories per day than nonpregnant women. _____ calories come from dietary needs, and ____ calories come from maternal stores.

Answer 25

500, 330, 170

Question 26

Pregnant women should avoid lunch meats, hot dogs, and unpasteurized milk for this reason

Answer 26

These foods can have listeria monocytes which can cause listeriosis, spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, and/or fetal death

Question 27

Vegetarians can increase their caloric intake by eating ________ and __________________.

Answer 27

snacks, higher-caloric foods

Question 28

Distribution: Weight gain in placenta

Answer 28

1-1.5 lbs (0.5-0.7 kg)

Question 29

Total weight gain if mother is of normal weight and is pregnant with twins

Answer 29

37-54 lbs (17-25 kg)

Question 30

During the second 6 months after birth (breastfeeding), _____ extra maternal calories are needed for this reason

Answer 30

400, infants start eating solids

Question 31

Deficiency of folic acid may cause these two conditions in the fetus

Answer 31

1. spina bifida 2. cleft lip/palate

Question 32

Type of vegetarianism in which dairy products and eggs are consumed

Answer 32

lacto-ovovegetarian

Question 33

Term for practice of eating nonfood items (occurs in 20% of pregnant women) that is associated with iron and/or zinc deficiency

Answer 33

pica

Question 34

Distribution: Weight gain in fetus

Answer 34

7-7.5 lbs (3.2-3.4 kg)

Question 35

Foods rich in zinc are also rich in _________.

Answer 35

protein

Question 36

Total weight gain if mother is underweight

Answer 36

28-40 lbs (12.5-18 kg)

Question 37

Weight loss immediately after birth

Answer 37

12 lbs

Question 38

Pregnant women should avoid large fish (large mouth bass, salmon, raw fish) for this reason

Answer 38

High levels of mercury can damage fetal CNS

Question 39

Dieting should be postponed for at least _________ after childbirth to recover. _________ weight loss is preferred.

Answer 39

3 weeks, gradual

Question 40

These three foods are good sources of niacin

Answer 40

meats, fish, milk

Question 41

In Haiti, women do not eat ________ foods after birth because they believe they will increase ________.

Answer 41

white, lochia (postpartum bleeding)

Question 42

Calcium is transferred primarily in the ____ trimester and is needed for this

Answer 42

3rd, mineralization of fetal bones and teeth

Question 43

Seven foods high in folic acid

Answer 43

1. dark green leafy vegetables 2. beans 3. peanuts 4. orange juice 5. asparagus 6. spinach 7. fortified foods

Question 44

Niacin is important for _______________.

Answer 44

energy release

Question 45

These two nonfood items are not sources of iron and can decrease absorption of iron and other nutrients

Answer 45

clay, dirt

Question 46

Most women need ______-_______ calories per day. This increases by _____ calories in the second trimester and _____ calories in the third trimester.

Answer 46

2200, 2900, 340, 452

Question 47

Pregnant woman needs _______ mg of iron because there is a ___-____% increase in maternal RBCs

Answer 47

1000, 20, 30

Question 48

Nonheme iron is present in (plant, animal) sources, and ____% is absorbed.

Answer 48

plant, 5

Question 49

Breastfeeding returns uterus back to original size (slower, faster) due to the release of oxytocin

Answer 49

faster

Question 50

Total weight gain if mother has a normal weight

Answer 50

25-35 lbs (11.5-16 kg)

Question 51

Total weight gain if mother is overweight

Answer 51

15-25 lbs (7-11.5 kg)

Question 52

If lactose intolerant, these 9 foods are alternative sources of calcium

Answer 52

almonds, pinto beans, Cheerios, oatmeal, English muffins, collard greens, canned salmon, canned sardines, block tofu

Question 53

Four potential problems associated with pica

Answer 53

1. microorganism or lead contamination 2. constipation and intestinal blockage (clay, dirt) 3. dental problems (large amounts of ice) 4. decreased food intake

Question 54

Type of vegetarianism in which meat and eggs are avoided but dairy products are consumed

Answer 54

lactovegetarian

Question 55

Foods high in iron can inhibit use of ______ and _________ (may need to increase intake of these)

Answer 55

zinc, copper

Question 56

Distribution: Weight gain in breasts

Answer 56

1.3-3 lbs (0.7-1.4 kg)

Question 57

Zinc is important for these two things

Answer 57

DNA/RNA synthesis, maternal tissue growth

Question 58

Fats consist of ___ g or ___% of total calories

Answer 58

22, 30

Question 59

Distribution: Weight gain in extravascular fluids

Answer 59

3.5-5 lbs (1.6-2.3 kg)

Question 60

Weight loss by 6 months postpartum

Answer 60

Within 5.5 lbs of pre-pregnancy weight (if weight gain was not excessive)

Question 61

Type of vegetarianism that has the most difficulty meeting needs

Answer 61

vegan

Question 62

Infants will used stored iron for the first ___-___ months of life

Answer 62

4, 6

Question 63

Type of vegetarianism in which all animal products are avoided

Answer 63

vegan

Question 64

Recommended dosage of folic acid from one month before conception to 2-3 months after conception

Answer 64

400-800 mcg/day

Question 65

Pregnant women should avoid consumption of eggs unless they are ______________.

Answer 65

fully cooked