Chapter 1.4: Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

Question 1

Name three of the longest chained forms of GLUCOSE molecules bonded together

Answer 1

STARCH, GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE

Question 2

What type of molecule is STARCH?

Answer 2

Beta GLUCOSE MONOMERS

Question 3

What type of molecule saccharide is STARCH GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE?

Answer 3

POLYSACCHARIDE

Question 4

Where is STARCH mostly found in?

Answer 4

Seeds, Storage Organs, Potato

Question 5

What type of GLUCOSE is STARCH made of?

Answer 5

ALPHA GLUCOSE

Question 6

What type of reaction make a STARCH POLYMER?

Answer 6

Condensation Reaction

Question 7

What links each monomer up in a STARCH POLYMER?

Answer 7

GLYCOSIDIC Bonds

Question 8

What type of STARCH can coil up?

Answer 8

An UNBRANCHED STARCH

Question 9

Why do UNBRANCHED STARCH AND GLYCOGEN coil up?

Answer 9

It allows more space for other STARCH molecules to enter and coil up. This means that more can be stored for long term energy.

Question 10

Why are STARCH AND GLYCOGEN MOLECULES BRANCHED?

Answer 10

It allows more surface area for enzyme action to break it down into glucose molecules for RESPIRATION

Question 11

What is the solution used to test STARCH MOLECULE?

Answer 11

IODINE SOLUTION

Question 12

Why is STARCH INSOLUBLE?

Answer 12

Therefore it doesn’t not affect the WATER POTENTIAL, so water is not drawn into the cells by OSMOSIS

Question 13

Why is STARCH LARGE?

Answer 13

So it does NOT DIFFUSE out of the cell

Question 14

Why is STARCH COMPACT?

Answer 14

So it can be sorted in a SMALL SPACE

Question 15

Why does STARCH COIL UP?

Answer 15

(Polarised thingy) need to search up

Question 16

Are all of the PROPERTIES OF STARCH same as the PROPERTIES OF GLYCOGEN?

Answer 16

Yes mostly but…

Starch - Beta
Glycogen - Alpha

Glycogen has more BRANCHES so it can be acted on SIMULTANEOUSLY BY ENZYMES as animals have more active actions and have a HIGHER METABOLIC RATE

Question 17

Where is STARCH found that GLYCOGEN isn’t found?

Answer 17

PLANTS

Question 18

Where is GLYCOGEN found that STARCH Isn’t?

Answer 18

Animals

Question 19

What type of GLUCOSE is CELLULOSE made out of?

Answer 19

BOTH ALPHA AND BETA GLUCOSE

Question 20

The CELLULOSE chain, unlike STARCH, allows hydrogen bonds to be formed between hydroxyl groups on adjacent parallel chains. How is this achieved?

Answer 20

The adjacent glucose molecules are rotated by 180 degrees. This helps to give cellulose its structural stability.