Chapter 14 Urinary System (quizlet)

Question 1

Two principal functions of the urinary system

Answer 1

Excrete wastes & regulate composition of blood

Question 2

What happens if blood composition is allowed to vary beyond tolerable limits?

Answer 2

Conditions needed for cellular life would be lost

Question 3

Location of the kidneys: _________ cavity near the ________ body wall, just below the __________

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal (retroperitoneum); posterior; diaphragm

Question 4

Protect both kidneys

Answer 4

Lower ribs

Question 5

Which kidney is lower than the other? (Why?)

Answer 5

Right (Large right lobe of the liver pushes it inferiorly)

Question 6

Approximate distance that kidneys move inferiorly when patient is in deep inspiration

Answer 6

1 inch

Question 7

Dark red, bean-shaped organs

Answer 7

Kidneys

Question 8

Normal length measurement of kidneys

Answer 8

9-12 cm

Question 9

Normal width measurement of kidneys

Answer 9

5 cm

Question 10

Normal depth measurement of kidneys

Answer 10

2.5 cm

Question 11

numerous collecting tubules that bring the urine from its sites of formation in the cortex to the pyramids; functional units of the kidney

Answer 11

nephrons (renal tubules)

Question 12

darker part of the kidney because of increased perfusion of blood

Answer 12

outer cortex

Question 13

lighter-colored part of the kidney

Answer 13

inner medulla

Question 14

renal pyramids empty into the ________

Answer 14

renal pelvis

Question 15

vertical indentation on the medial surface of each kidney; where vessels and ureter enter and exit

Answer 15

renal hilum (hilus)

Question 16

Most posterior and superior structure exiting the renal hilum (hilus)

Answer 16

renal artery

Question 17

Anterior to the renal artery within the renal hilum (hilus)

Answer 17

renal vein

Question 18

slightly inferior to the renal artery within the renal hilum (hilus)

Answer 18

ureter

Question 19

Also found with renal hilum (hilus) besides renal arteries, renal veins and ureter

Answer 19

lymph vessels & sympathetic fibers

Question 20

fibrous capsule that surrounds the kidney

Answer 20

true capsule

Question 21

surrounds the fibrous capsule of the kidney

Answer 21

perinephric fat

Question 22

surrounds the perinephric fat & encloses the kidneys & adrenal glands; is a condensation of areolar tissue that is continuous laterally with the fascia transversalis

Answer 22

perinephric fascia

Question 23

renal fascia surrounding the true capsule and perinephric fat

Answer 23

Gerota’s fascia

Question 24

Adrenal gland, liver, Morison’s pouch, second part of the duodenum and colic flexure are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

Answer 24

Anterior to the right kidney

Question 25

Adrenal gland, spleen, stomach, pancreas, colic flexure and coils of jejunum are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

Answer 25

Anterior to the left kidney

Question 26

Diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura, twelfth rib, psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum & transversus abdominis muscles are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

Answer 26

Posterior to the right kidney

Question 27

Diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura, eleventh & twelfth ribs, psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum & transversus abdominis muscles are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

Answer 27

Posterior to the left kidney

Question 28

upper expanded end of the ureter; as is leaves the renal sinus, it rapidly becomes smaller and ultimately merges with the ureter

Answer 28

renal pelvis

Question 29

the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 __________

Answer 29

major calyces

Question 30

each major calyx divides into 2 or 3 ___________

Answer 30

minor calyces

Question 31

apex of a medullary pyramid; indents each minor calyx

Answer 31

renal papilla

Question 32

internal element of the kidney; consists of a series of striated conical masses (renal pyramids)

Answer 32

medullary portion

Question 33

external element of the kidney;

Answer 33

cortical substance

Question 34

Number of pyramids

Answer 34

8-18

Question 35

bases of the pyramids are directed toward the ___________

Answer 35

outer circumference (of kidney)

Question 36

apices of the pyramids converge toward the _________

Answer 36

renal sinus

Question 37

prominent _______ of the renal pyramids project into the lumina of the minor calyces

Answer 37

papillae

Question 38

surround the calyces and may exert a milking action on the minor calyces, aiding in the flow of urine into the renal pelvis

Answer 38

spirally arranged muscles

Question 39

nephron consists of these two main structures

Answer 39

renal corpuscle & renal tubule

Question 40

filter the blood and produce urine

Answer 40

nephrons

Question 41

network of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a cuplike structure (Bowman's capsule) where blood is filtered within the kidney

Answer 41

renal corpuscle

Question 42

blood flows into the glomerulus through a small ______

Answer 42

afferent arteriole

Question 43

blood leaves the glomerulus through an ___________ which conducts blood to a second set of capillaries (peritubular capillaries) which surround the renal tubule

Answer 43

efferent arteriole

Question 44

filtrate passes through these sections of renal tubules after exiting Bowman's capsule in this order

Answer 44

(coiled) proximal convoluted tubule (within renal cortex), loop of Henle (dip into medulla), distal convoluted tubule (within renal cortex, comes into contact with afferent/efferent arterioles to form the juxtaglomerular apparatus), collecting duct

Question 45

structure that helps regulate blood pressure in the kidney

Answer 45

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 46

Average length of ureter

Answer 46

25 cm

Question 47

located in retroperitoneal cavity, are obscured by bowel gas, emerge from the hilus of the kidney, run vertically downward behind parietal peritoneum along the psoas muscle (separates this from the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae), cross bifurcation of the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint to enter the pelvis, course along lateral wall of pelvis to the region of the ischial spine, turn forward to enter the lateral angle of the bladder

Answer 47

ureter

Question 48

1-where the ureter leaves the renal pelvis

Answer 48

location of three constrictions along the ureter's course

Question 49

large muscular bag; has a posterior and lateral opening for the ureters & anterior opening for urethra

Answer 49

urinary bladder

Question 50

interior of the bladder is lined with ____________

Answer 50

highly elastic transitional epithelium

Question 51

membranous tube that passes from the anterior part of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 51

urethra

Question 52

two sphincters of the urethra

Answer 52

internal & external

Question 53

arterial supply to the kidney

Answer 53

main renal artery

Question 54

branches of the main renal artery into kidney

Answer 54

two anterior & one posterior to the pelvis of the ureter (size & number may vary - in most cases, two primary branches: a larger anterior & smaller posterior. These break down into smaller segmental arteries, then into interlobar arteries & finally into tiny arcuate arteries)

Question 55

5-6 veins exit the kidney and join to form this vein that emerges from the renal hilus anterior to the renal artery; drains into the lateral walls of the IVC; returns cleansed blood to the general circulation

Answer 55

main renal vein

Question 56

follow the renal artery to the lateral aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the renal artery

Answer 56

lymphatic vessels

Question 57

arterial supply to the ureter

Answer 57

renal artery, gonadal artery & superior vesical artery