CHAPTER 14: VALUES AND BELIEFS

Question 1

Judaism has 4 major branches

Answer 1

Orthodox
Conservative
Reform
Reconstructionist

Question 2

These groups strictly follow ancient Talmudic law based on religious texts.

Answer 2

Highly Orthodox

Question 3

These groups accept many beliefs and practices but are less strict in other observances.

Answer 3

Reformed and Conservative

Question 4

They make up approximately 1% of the US population, are culturally diverse, represented by 517 tribes and more than 150 languages

Answer 4

American Indians

Question 5

A set of behaviors that includes understanding the impact of cultural values and beliefs on human experiences, while maintaining awareness of own cultural values and their effect on the perception of self and others.

Answer 5

Cultural Competence

Question 6

The most effective way to develop appreciation and understanding of diverse beliefs and values is through education, which can be gained through:

Answer 6

reading
participating in professional development activities
studying academics
interacting with individuals of diverse backgrounds

Question 7

Economic Values of an Adult

Answer 7

• They were taught to be frugal and mindful of resources. Consequently, they value financial independence and may have difficulties accepting financial assistance or handing over financial management to another person.
• They might express concern over the cost of care and may delay seeking help or even refuse to use healthcare services until they are seriously ill if they fear that the care might be too costly.
• They might refuse to buy medications or take less than the amount prescribed in order to save money

Question 8

Interpersonal Values

Answer 8

• Today’s older adults were raised in an era when interpersonal communication was more formal.
• Some of them may expect that caregivers address them formally, using their last name. Moreover, they grew up valuing respect and obedience to older adults and may expect to be treated with deference by younger caregivers.

Question 9

A religious ritual used in many religions to communicate with the higher power as defined by an individual’s beliefs.

Answer 9

Prayer

Question 10

It can create a relaxation response and has been demonstrated to reduce anxiety.

Answer 10

Meditation

Question 11

It is characterized by hopelessness and/or failure to see one’s life in positive light.

Answer 11

Spiritual distress

Question 12

What is the mnemonic for Spiritual Assessment?

Answer 12

SPIRIT
S: Spiritual belief system (religious affiliation)
P: Personal spirituality (personal belief system)
I: Integration into a spiritual community (sources of support)
R: Ritualized practices (daily practices, restrictions, and their significance)
I: Implications for medical care (spiritual aspects incorporated into care)
T: Terminal event (end of life)

Question 13

Risk Factors Related to Problems with Values and Beliefs in Older Adults

Answer 13

Major life stressors such as severe illness or impending death
A recent significant loss or change in role
Values and/or beliefs different from those of caregivers or the dominant cultural values
Removal from a familiar spiritual support system
Loss of financial independence