Chapter 14: Water Flashcards
Does water need to be digested
No! It is easily absorbed by the digestive tract
What % of the body is composed of water
50 to 75%
Lean muscle is 75% and fat tissue is 25%
What are the two major fluid compartments of the body
Intracellular water: Inside the cell
Extracellular water: surrounds cell or is in the blood
What are electrolytes
Compounds that separate into ions and are then able to conduct electrical current
Where are electrolytes found
Intracellular and extracellular fluids
Where is water absorbed
In the stomach (only nutrient absorbed here)
How do electrolytes maintain fluid balance between the Intracellular and extracellular environment
- Electrolytes dissociate in water to form ions
- Protein transporters move electrolytes in and out of cells ( sodium potassium pump)
- Water follow electrolytes
Intracellular fluids: Major cations
Potassium and Magnesium
Intracellular fluids: Major anions
Phosphate and sulfate
Extracellular fluids: Major cations
Sodium and Calcium
Extracellular fluids: major anions
Chloride and bicarbonate
Functions of water in the body
- Is a solvent
- Is a major component of blood, saliva, sweat, tears, mucus and joint fluid
- Removes wastes
- Lubricates tissues
- Regulates body temperature
- Helps digest foods
- Participates in many chemical reactions
- Helps maintain proper blood pH
- Helps transport substances
Antidiuretic Hormone
- Released by pituitary gland
- Action: kidneys retain water
(Keeps water in body, bedwetting is a sign of not enough ADH)
Renin (enzyme)
Released by kidney
Action: activates angiotensinogen by converting it to angiotensin I
Aldosterone (hormone)
Released from adrenal gland
Action: Kidneys retain sodium, chloride and water
