chapter ;

Question 1

tissue that covers surfaces

lines internal surfaces

forms glands

Answer 1

epithelial tissue

Question 2

tissue that fills internal spaces

provides support

stores energy

transports materials

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

tissue contracts to produce movement

Answer 3

muscle tissue

Question 4

tissue carries information as electrical impulses

Answer 4

nervous tissue

Question 5

layers of cells that cover and line all surfaces of the body

Answer 5

epithelia

Question 6

structures that produce fluid secretions

Answer 6

glands

Question 7

-provide physical protection
-control permeability
-provide sensation
-produce specialized secretions

Answer 7

functions of epithelial tissue

Question 8

-polarity
-cellularity
-attachment
-avascularity
-regeneration

Answer 8

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Question 9

-move fluids over the epithelium (protection/lubrication)

-move fluids through the epithelium (permeability)

-produce secretions (protection and messaging)

Answer 9

specializations of epithelial cells

Question 10

epithelial cell is divided into two functional groups

apical surface - exposed to internal or external environment (contains microvilli and cilia)

basolateral surface - includes base (where cell attaches) and sides (where cell contacts neighbors)

Answer 10

polarity of epithelial tissue

Question 11

many epithelial cells that line internal passageways have this

increase absorption or secretion

Answer 11

microvilli

Question 12

moves fluids

Answer 12

cilia

Question 13

integrity is epithelia is maintained by

Answer 13

-intercellular connections
-attachment to basement membrane
-epithelial maintenance and repair

Question 14

opposing plasma membranes are interconnected by transmembrane proteins called cell adhesion molecules

cell junctions

Answer 14

intercellular connections

Question 15

specialized areas of plasma membrane that attach a cell

Answer 15

cell junctions

Question 16

this junction permits free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells

2 cells held together by transmembrane proteins

Answer 16

gap junction

Question 17

this junction is formed by the fusion of the outer layers of 2 plasma membranes

prevents diffusion of fluids and solutes between cells

adhesion belt lies deep to this junction and is tied to microfillaments of the terminal web

Answer 17

tight junction

Question 18

this junction ties adjacent cells together

dense area is connected to cytoskeleton

Answer 18

spot desmosome

Question 19

this junction attaches a cell to extracellular structures in the basement membrane

Answer 19

hemidesmosome

Question 20

layer closer to epithelium which restricts movement of proteins and other large molecules from the underlying connective tissue into the epithelium

Answer 20

basal lamina

Question 21

deeper portion of basement membrane which gives strength and acts as a filter

Answer 21

reticular lamina

Question 22

the only way the epithelium can maintain structure in extreme environment is by continual division of stem cells

Answer 22

epithelial maintenance and repair

Question 23

epithelia that contain gland cells specialized for secretion

Answer 23

glandular epithelia

Question 24

collections of epithelial cells that produce secretions

Answer 24

glands

Question 25

secrete directly into blood

Answer 25

endocrine glands

Question 26

secrete into body cavity or onto body surface

Answer 26

exocrine glands

Question 27

merocrine apocrine holocrine

Answer 27

3 types of secretion

Question 28

product is released from exocrine cell by vesicles through exocytosis

Answer 28

merocrine secretion method

Question 29

apical portion of cytoplasm packs with vesicles and is then shed involves loss of cytoplasm and secretory product gland cell regrows and repairs itself

Answer 29

apocrine secretion method

Question 30

superficial/apical cells in stratified glandular epithelium packs with secretory vesicles and then bursts kills the cell

Answer 30

holocrine secretion method

Question 31

-structural framework -transports fluids -protect organs -supports, surrounds, and connects other tissues -stores energy -immunity

Answer 31

connective tissue functions

Question 32

extracellular fibers in a ground substance (solid)

Answer 32

connective tissue proper

Question 33

cells suspended in a watery matrix

Answer 33

fluid connective tissue (blood and lymph)

Question 34

limited cell population and densely packed fibers (cartilage and bone)

Answer 34

supporting connective tissue

Question 35

collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers

Answer 35

connective tissue proper fibers

Question 36

long straight collagen fibers that are strong and flexible (tendons and ligaments)

Answer 36

collagen fibers

Question 37

branching interwoven collagen fibers that stabilize organs

Answer 37

reticular fibers

Question 38

elastin, branched and wavy fibers located where stretch and recoil needed

Answer 38

elastic fiber

Question 39

fibroblast fibrocytes adipocytes mesenchymal cells macrophage mast cell lymphocytes melanocytes

Answer 39

connective tissue proper cells

Question 40

produce fiber

Answer 40

fibroblast

Question 41

maintain fibers

Answer 41

fibrocytes

Question 42

adipocytes

Answer 42

fat cels

Question 43

mesenchymal cells

Answer 43

stem cells

Question 44

macrophage

Answer 44

phagocytic cells

Question 45

contain heparin and histamine (promotes inflammation)

Answer 45

mast cell

Question 46

lymphocytes

Answer 46

white blood cells (immune)

Question 47

melanocytes

Answer 47

produce melanin

Question 48

mucous membrane serous membranes cutaneous membrane synovial membrane

Answer 48

4 types of membrane

Question 49

line passageways that open to the exterior function: protection through secretion of mucous lines digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Answer 49

mucous membranes

Question 50

lines cavities not open to exterior (pleural, perotineal, pericardial) function: reduce friction by secreting serous fluid

Answer 50

serous membrane

Question 51

skin, thick and waterproof covers the surface of the body function: protection, secreted sweat and sebum

Answer 51

cutaneous membrane

Question 52

line joint cavities function: reduce friction, secrete synovial fluid

Answer 52

synovial membrane

Question 53

stages in tissue repair following injury

Answer 53

clotting inflammation proliferation remodeling

Question 54

can be triggered by trauma (physical injury) or infection (pathogens) damaged cells release prostaglandins, proteins, and potassium ions damaged connective tissue activates mast cells (secrete histamine)

Answer 54

inflammatory repsonse

Question 55

damaged cells release enzymes that destroy injured cells (tissue destruction)

Answer 55

necrosis

Question 56

necrotic tissue and cellular debris (pus) accumulate in the wound. if it is trapped in it is called an

Answer 56

abscess

Question 57

what tissues regenerate well

Answer 57

epithelia connective tissue (except cartilage) smooth muscle

Question 58

what tissues do not regenerate well

Answer 58

skeletal muscle cardiac muscle nervous tissue

Question 59

damaged cardiac muscles are replaced by what through fibrosis

Answer 59

fibrous tissue