Chapter 15-1-3 Flashcards
A well supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
Theory
Is the following sentence true or false? Darwin was looking for a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth
True
Observations Darwin Made
An enormous number of species inhabit Earth
Some species that lived in the past no longer live on Earth
The preserved remains of ancient organisms are called
Fossils
How did Darwin explain differences in shell shape of tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela Island
Hood island- curved shells
Isabela- domed shape shells
Darwin observed that small brown birds on the Galápagos Islands differed in the shape of their
Beaks
What did Darwin think about on his Journey home to England?
Thought about how the characteristics of plants and animals varied among the different islands
After he returned to England, what hypothesis did Darwin develop to explain his findings?
Separate species evolved from one another on different islands
Two Scientist who helped Darwin and others recognize how old Earth is were
James Hutton and Charles Lyell
each sentence that is true about Lyell’s work
His work explained how awesome geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time
His publications helped Darwin appreciate the significance of the geological phenomenon that he had observed.
He stressed that scientist must explain past events in terms of processes that they can actually observe
In what two ways did an understanding of geology influence Darwin?
Knowing that earth could change over time helped Darwin believe that life might change
Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck was among the first scientist to recognize that living things have changed over time
True
Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck proposed that all organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
True
How did Lamarck pave the way for the work of later biologist?
Was one of the first to develop scientific hypothesis of evolution
Thomas Malthus
He was an important
Thomas Malthus
He was an important
Fitness
The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
Adaptation
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
Natural selection
Survival of the fittest
Is the following sentence true or false? Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as behavior
False
Explain what Darwin meant by the phrase survival of the fittest
Natural selection
The principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is referred to as what
decent with modification
The principle that all species were derived from common ancestors is known as what
Common decent
How do fossils in different rock layers provide evidence of evolution?
Provided a view of now a species has oranges and produced different species over time.
