Chapter 15

Question 1

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a _______.

Answer 1

Shampoo

Question 2

Often called simply “the shampoo”, this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and _______.

Answer 2

Conditioning

Question 3

What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?

Answer 3

Cleanliness and stimulation

Question 4

When are scalp treatments performed?

Answer 4

Before or during the shampoo

Question 5

_______ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.

Answer 5

Massage

Question 6

What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?

Answer 6

the products that are used

Question 7

A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n) _______.

Answer 7

hair and scalp examination

Question 8

During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a _______, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair.

Answer 8

scalp steamer

Question 9

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain anti-fungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of a fungus called _______.

Answer 9

malessezia

Question 10

Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, or before/after a _______ service.

Answer 10

highlighting

Question 11

Brushes with _______ bristles have many tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair.

Answer 11

natural

Question 12

If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) _______.

Answer 12

physician

Question 13

To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without _______.

Answer 13

adversely affecting the scalp or hair

Question 14

Hair should be shampooed _______.

Answer 14

as often as necessary

Question 15

Maintaining good _______ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and fatigue.

Answer 15

posture

Question 16

Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener is called _______.

Answer 16

chemically treated

Question 17

Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of _______ in the solution.

Answer 17

hydrogen

Question 18

What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?

Answer 18

High-pH shampoo

Question 19

Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a(n) _______.

Answer 19

universal solvent

Question 20

Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by _______, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir.

Answer 20

sedimentation

Question 21

What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?

Answer 21

Filtration

Question 22

What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?

Answer 22

Chlorine

Question 23

What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which water is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?

Answer 23

Distillation

Question 24

It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is _______ because it may affect the outcome of the clients’ chemical services.

Answer 24

soft or hard

Question 25

The main ingredient in most shampoos is _______.

Answer 25

water

Question 26

_______ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.

Answer 26

Deionized

Question 27

Ingredients in shampoos, as well as all other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentages of each ingredient or in _______.

Answer 27

descending order (greatest listed first)

Question 28

The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the _______, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents.

Answer 28

primary surfactant

Question 29

What term describes the water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule?

Answer 29

hydrophilic

Question 30

The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be _______.

Answer 30

oil-attracting

Question 31

What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?

Answer 31

pH-balanced shampoos

Question 32

_______ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.

Answer 32

conditioning

Question 33

What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?

Answer 33

Protein and biotin

Question 34

Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be _______.

Answer 34

nonstripping

Question 35

_______ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.

Answer 35

Medicated

Question 36

Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?

Answer 36

Clarifying shampoo

Question 37

What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?

Answer 37

Balancing

Question 38

What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water?

Answer 38

Dry

Question 39

_______ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color.

Answer 39

Sulfate-free

Question 40

A _______ shampoo is designed to re-balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair.

Answer 40

neutralizing

Question 41

Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called _______.

Answer 41

color-enhancing shampoos

Question 42

What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?

Answer 42

keratin

Question 43

What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?

Answer 43

Conditioners

Question 44

What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?

Answer 44

Humectants

Question 45

_______ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair?

Answer 45

Protein

Question 46

Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?

Answer 46

Scalp astringent lotions

Question 47

_______, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers.

Answer 47

Deep-conditioning treatments

Question 48

A _______ draping is also known as a wet draping.

Answer 48

shampoo

Question 49

A _______ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.

Answer 49

neck

Question 50

When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the _______.

Answer 50

client's skin

Question 51

Do not massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of _______.

Answer 51

abrasions

Question 52

During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the _______.

Answer 52

hairline

Question 53

When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n) _______.

Answer 53

back-and-forth movement