Chapter 15

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

Generic name given to formal psychological treatment

Question 2

Biological therapies

Answer 2

Treatments of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease and to illness.

Question 3

Who pioneered psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 4

Form of therapy based on Freudian theory; aims to help clients examine their needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress. Provides awareness of unconscious conflicts so they can be resolved

Question 5

Behavior therapy

Answer 5

Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and can therefore be unlearned through conditioning

Question 6

Exposure

Answer 6

Behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus

Question 7

Cognitive therapy

Answer 7

Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions. Attempts to modify these thought patterns with realistic alternatives

Question 8

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 8

Therapy that strives to help clients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with realistic alternatives

Question 9

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Answer 9

Therapy incorporating techniques from both cognitive and behavioral therapy

Question 10

Client-centered therapy

Answer 10

A humanistic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding. Will use reflective listening.

Question 11

Psychotropic medication

Answer 11

Drugs that effect mental processes

Question 12

Anti anxiety drugs

Answer 12

Also called anxiolytics are used for short term treatment of anxiety. These typically increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.

Question 13

Antidepressants

Answer 13

Used to treat depression but also anxiety. Typically in the form of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, resulting in more of each neurotransmitter being available in the synapse.

Question 14

Antipsychotics

Answer 14

Sometimes called neuroleptics, used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis. Traditionally dopamine antagonists that recuse the effects of dopamine.

Question 15

Electroconvulsive therapy ECT

Answer 15

Involves placing electrodes on a persons head and administering an electrical current to produce a seizure. This resets the brain and is used to treat things like severe depression.

Question 16

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 16

Electrical current produced a magnetic field which interrupts neural function in certain regions of the brain. Used to treat severe depression.

Question 17

Deep brain stimulation

Answer 17

Surgically implanted electrodes within the brain use mild electricity to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity. Used to treat Parkinson’s, ocd, and major depression.

Question 18

Placebo effect

Answer 18

Improvement in physical or mental health following treatment with a placebo (typically sugar pills)

Question 19

Difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists

Answer 19

Clinical psychologists can typically cannot prescribe medications.

Question 20

Treatment of choice for phobias and panic attacks?

Answer 20

CBT/exposure therapy using systematic desensitization. Uses fear hierarchies

Question 21

Best treatment for OCD?

Answer 21

A mix of Clomipramine (SSRI) and CBT using exposure and response prevention.

Question 22

Early antidepressants

Answer 22

The first antidepressants were tuberculosis drugs and MAO inhibitors. Also tricyclics which are extremely effective but have drastic side effects. These were used until Prozac was invented in the 80’s

Question 23

Best treatment for Bipolar disorder?

Answer 23

Mood stabilizers like Lithium and atypical antipsychotics. Sometimes stacked with antidepressants

Question 24

Best treatment for schizophrenia

Answer 24

A combination of antipsychotics, social skills training, and family therapy.

Question 25

What are the advantages of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine?

Answer 25

Showed an improvement in negative schizophrenia symptoms.

Question 26

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Answer 26

Used to treat personality disorders and uses 3 phases. Combines elements of CBT with mindfulness approach. 1. Learn to change extreme behaviors through being mindful and focusing on the present. 2. Explore past traumas that may be the cause of the disorder. 3. Develop feelings of independence and self-respect

Question 27

What is the prognosis for antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 27

Few therapies work, but most improve after age 40

Question 28

What is ADHD treated with?

Answer 28

Stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall, though these are commonly resold in adulthood. Also behavioral therapy though this is extremely time consuming 40hr/week. Another method is injections of oxytocin.

Question 29

Applied Behavioral Analysis

Answer 29

Intensive treatment for autism based on operant conditioning. Commonly combined with symbolic play and joint attention.