Chapter 15

Question 1

what is an interoceptor?

Answer 1

Sensory receptors located in blood vessels , organs , muscle etc that monitor conditions of the internal environment

Question 2

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 2

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands

Question 3

What does the autonomic nervous system NOT control?

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle

Question 4

What are the two motor neurons in any autonomic pathway?

Answer 4

Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron

Question 5

Describe a preganglionic neuron

Answer 5

-Cell body in brain or spinal cord
-Axon exits CNS as cranial or spinal nerve
-small diameter
-myelinated Type B fiber

Question 6

Describe the postganglionic neuron

Answer 6

-Lies entirely outside of CNS in the PNS
-cell body dendrites located in autonomic ganglion
-small diameter
-unmyelinated Type C fiber

Question 7

What neurotransmitter does a preganglionic neuron use?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

Where is a preganglionic neuron cell body located ?

Answer 8

Brain or spinal cord

Question 9

Is a preganglionic neuron myelinated or non myelinated?

Answer 9

Myelinated Type B

Question 10

Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic preganglionic and the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Answer 10

sympathetic preganglionic are short

parasympathetic preganglionic are long

Question 11

Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic postganglionic and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Answer 11

sympathetic postganglionic are long

parasympathetic postganglionic are short

Question 12

Where is the location you can find the sympathetic nerves?

Answer 12

T1-L2

Question 13

What is the location of the parasympathetic nerves in the cranial?

Answer 13

Sacral with the cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

Sacral nerves S2-S4

Question 14

What are the events of the sympathetic motor pathway ?

Answer 14

• nerve starts in spine (T1-L2)
  -synapses/ releases Acetycholine
  -acetylcholine binds nicotinic receptor
  -postganglionic neuron depolarizes
  -postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine
  Acetylcholine binds to sweat glands muscarinic receptor

Question 15

What is the largest plexus of the sympathetic system?

Answer 15

celiac “plexus

Question 16

What is the largest plexus?
Cardiac
Celiac
Renal

Answer 16

celiac “plexus

Question 17

what are the two neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system that are mostly used ?

Answer 17

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 18

What are the cholinergic receptors?

Answer 18

Internal membrane proteins
Bind to acetycholine

Question 19

What regulates the autonomic tone?

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

If you are RUNNING from something and using your sympathetic nervous system the intestines and bladder shut down. Heart rate increases, airway dilates, and pupils dilate . There is no need to digest food or secrete enzymes break down food. Shut down the digestive system to ensure that all energy is being used to get away .

Answer 20

Yes true

Question 21

What regions do the superior cervical ganglion serve?

Answer 21

the carotid plexus whose fibres run with the carotid arteries and provide sympathetic innervation to the head

Question 22

What supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

Answer 22

Celiac ganglion

Question 23

What does the lumbar splanchnic nerve supply?

Answer 23

provides sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla.

Specifically, it supplies the alimentary canal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, adrenal medulla, and the spleen.

Question 24

Which autonomic structures serve the heart?

Answer 24

Vagus nerve
__________
__________?

Question 25

Which two cranial nerves are the motor pathway for the salivary glands?

Answer 25

It can only be 3,7,9 or 10

Question 26

Which cranial nerve is the parasympathetic supply to the liver?

Answer 26

Vagus nerve

Question 27

The heart and lungs are innervated by what branches of the sympathetic nerves

Answer 27

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres Cardiac plexus right and left vagus nerves

Question 28

What neurotransmitter is released at the kidney due to sympathetic activity

Answer 28

Norepinephrine

Question 29

What is released at the autonomic ganglia by the preganglionic nerve?

Answer 29

Acetycholine

Question 30

The preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system releases what?

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

Acetycholine is released by ___________ neurons and norepinephrine is released by _____________ neurons .

Answer 31

Cholinergic (ach) Adrenergic (epi)

Question 32

What can prevent a rise in the heart rate?

Answer 32

Beta blockers

Question 33

What are splanchnic nerves?

Answer 33

Nerves formed beyond the sympathetic trunk that extend to outlying prevertabral ganglia Splanchnic refers to viscera/ abdomen

Question 34

What is autonomic reflexia

Answer 34

Response’s that occur when nerve impulses pass through an autonomic reflex arc

Question 35

Automatic reflexes is also known as

Answer 35

Visceral

Question 36

What is a horner syndrome?

Answer 36

A disrupted nerve pathway on one side from the brain to the face and eye. absence or reduction in the sympathetic (autonomic) nerve supply to the eye.

Question 37

What is diabetic neuropathy ?

Answer 37

A type of nerve damage that can occur with diabetes.

Question 38

Where would you find the B3 Adrenergic receptor ?

Answer 38

on the cell surface of both white and brown adipocytes

Question 39

What days out salivary secretions?

Answer 39

Anticholinergic

Question 40

Study picture

Answer 40

Study pic

Question 41

Study pic

Answer 41

Pic