Chapter 15 Flashcards
● What was the impact of the agricultural revolution?
The three impacts are landowners trying new agricultural methods like the seed drill, landowners forcing small farmers to become tenant farmers, physical change to the environment with deforestation.
Define ‘industrial revolution’
The shift in the 18th century from making goods by hand to them being made by machines.
● What are the three factors of production?
The three factors of production are land, labor, and capital.
● What was the main cause of urbanization?
The people fled to the cities where factories were located to work in them, this greatly increased the size of cities by double to nearly quadrupled their size.
● How was the middle class viewed by the upper class?
The upper class looked down on the middle class and thought their way of making money was vulgar.
● How did Britain try to keep secrets from getting to other countries?
Britain wouldn’t let engineers, toolmakers, and mechanics leave the country. Britain threatened these people and their families with death. This is because these people knew the blueprints to the machines used in the industrialization. If Britain was the only country who knew how to make these goods at that fast of a pace they controlled the trade.
● What is laissez-faire?
An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working
conditions without interference from the government.
● What was the impact of the steam engine?
The steam engine created cheap transportation for everybody. The lower class could have a chance to see parts of the country they have never seen before, industries and companies had cheaper ways to transport goods, and many jobs were created from the invention of the steam engine. The steam engine created trains, machines, and better water transportation.
● How were cities affected by the industrial revolution?
Cities grew to be overpopulated, polluted, diseased spread, and filled with crime.
● Describe the free-market system
A system where the government has no regulations where the owners can do what they like. Owners can do whatever they what with workers, there are no set hours or wages.
● What impact did technology have on the industrial revolution?
Technology started the machines used to produce the goods in the industrial revolution. Iron oar construction tools and buildings. Steam power and coal were a source of energy. Rivers were a quick way of transportation.
● What was the impact of the railroad?
The railroad made a huge impact on industrial growth. It created new jobs, cheaper transportation boosted many industries,cheaper and easier transport for people, and created new trade routes.
● What is “The Wealth of Nations”
A book written by Adam Smith about a free economy, so about law of supply and demand, self interest and the law of competition.
● What did 19th century Socialists argue?
That the government and wealthy people should take action to improve people’s lives. Also thought that everyone should be equal.
● What were the long-term effects of The Communist Manifesto?
Some countries were built on communist ideas, these are the only five remaining China, Cuba, North Korea, Loas.
