Chapter 15

Question 1

condition characterized by at least one episode of feeling profoundly sad and hopeless

Answer 1

major depressive disorder

Question 2

physical sign of emotional distress such as loss of appetite or disruption of sleep patterns

Answer 2

somatic symptom

Question 3

field of study concerned with the origins and course of maladaptive behavior

Answer 3

developmental psychopathology

Question 4

view that psychopathology results from interaction of predisposition to psychological problems and experience of stressful events

Answer 4

diathesis-stress model

Question 5

ability to function well despite exposure to risk factors for maladaptive development or early developmental problems

Answer 5

resilience

Question 6

category of pervasive developmental disorders involving social and communication problems, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior

Answer 6

autism spectrum disorder

Question 7

disorder where the individual has normal or above-average intelligence, good verbal skills, but deficient social skills

Answer 7

Asperger syndrome

Question 8

use of reinforcement principles to teach skills and change actions

Answer 8

applied behavior analysis

Question 9

childhood issue involving “undercontrolled” behavior such as aggression or acting out difficulties that disturb others

Answer 9

externalizing problem

Question 10

childhood issue representing an “overcontrolled” pattern of coping with difficulties and expressed in anxiety and depression

Answer 10

internalizing problem

Question 11

condition characterized by difficulty focusing and/or impulsive behavior

Answer 11

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

Question 12

two or more psychiatric conditions affecting an individual at the same time

Answer 12

comorbid

Question 13

planning, organizing, and inhibitory skills carried out in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 13

executive function

Question 14

treatment that involves identifying and changing distorted thinking and the emotions and actions associated with it

Answer 14

cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 15

treatment for disruptive behavior in young children that centers on building more effective parenting skills

Answer 15

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy

Question 16

change in parent behavior and family routines to help an anxious child avoid stressful situations

Answer 16

family accommodation

Question 17

continued consumption of alcohol or psychoactive drugs despite adverse consequences for health and/or interpersonal relations

Answer 17

substance use disorder

Question 18

eating disorder characterized by failing to maintain a normal weight and having a distorted body image

Answer 18

anorexia nervosa

Question 19

eating disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges followed by purging activities such as vomiting

Answer 19

bulimia nervosa

Question 20

eating disorder involving eating large amounts of food in a single sitting without purging

Answer 20

binge eating disorder

Question 21

cultural message that teaches young girls to fear being fat and diet at young ages

Answer 21

thinness ideal

Question 22

way of managing stress that involves dwelling on problems and attempting to analyze them

Answer 22

ruminative coping

Question 23

progressive loss of cognitive capacities such as memory and judgment

Answer 23

dementia

Question 24

pathological condition of the nervous system that results in an irreversible loss of cognitive capacities

Answer 24

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 25

toxic protein that injures neurons and is located in the senile plaques outside neural cells

Answer 25

beta-amyloid

Question 26

protein in the neurofibrillary tangles in the bodies of neural cells of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 26

tau

Question 27

extra brain power that people fall back on as aging and diseases diminish brain functioning

Answer 27

cognitive reserve

Question 28

deterioration of functioning and cognitive capacities caused by a series of minor strokes

Answer 28

vascular dementia

Question 29

condition associated with protein deposits in neurons called Lewy bodies that cause changes in cognitive functioning

Answer 29

Lewy body dementia

Question 30

clouding of consciousness characterized by alternating periods of disorientation and coherence

Answer 30

delirium