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Biol235 Quiz 3 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Somatic vs autonomic NS (excitatory, voluntary, consciously perceived, function when damaged)

A

Somatic: when SMN stimulates SM=always excitatory, usually voluntary, usually consciously perceived

Autonomic: exciting/inhibiting to cardiac/smooth/glands, function to some extent if nerve damaged, usually not voluntary, not consciously perceived

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2
Q

ANS divisions

A

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Enteric NS: chemical changes/wall stretching/contraction/secretion of GI tract

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3
Q

Does the Somatic or autonomic NS have more motor neurons

A

Autonomic usually has 2+
Somatic has only one from CNS to effector

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4
Q

Where does preganglionic neuron extend to and is it myelinated

A

Myelinated
To autonomic ganglion
Or to chromaffin cells in adrenal medullae

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5
Q

Differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons (length/release)

A

Sympathetic: preganglion=shorter postganglionic release NE (if chromaffin cell, also release epinephrine)

Parasympathetic: preganglionic=longer postganglion release ACh

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6
Q

Preganglionic axon type vs postganglionic

A

Pre: small diameter myelinated B fiber
Post: small diamter unmyelinated C fiber

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7
Q

Sympathetic AKA and why

A

Thoracolumbar as preG have cell bodies in lat horns of gray matter in 12 thoracic segments and first 2-3 lumbar segments

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8
Q

Thoracolumbar outflow

A

Axons of sympathetic preganglionic neurons

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9
Q

Parasympathetic AKA and why

A

Craniosacral as cell bodies of preG are in nuclei of III, VII, IX, X and in lat gray of 2 through 4 sacral segments of SC

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10
Q

Craniosacral outflow

A

Axons of parasympathetic preG neurons

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11
Q

Somatic vs autonomic sensory input

A

Somatic: somatic/special sense
A: mainly interoceptors some somatic/special

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12
Q

Somatic vs autonomic control of motor output

A

S: voluntary from CC, some basal ganglia cerebellum brainstem SC
A: involuntary from hypothalamus limbic system brainstem SC some CC

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13
Q

Somatic vs autonomic motor neuron pathway

A

S: one neuron to effector
A: 2 neuron synapse with posts in autonomic ganglia or chromaffin cells in adrenal medullae

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14
Q

Somatic vs autonomic NT/hormones

A

S: ACH
A: all preG/psymp post=ACh,
symp postG/=NE (if sweat gland=ACh)
Chromaffin: NE/epinephrine

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15
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Sympathetic
In vert row on either side of VC
Innervate above diaphragm

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16
Q

Prevertebral ganglia

A

Sympathetic
Ant to VC close to large abdominal arteries
Innervate below diaphragm

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17
Q

Terminal ganglia

A

Parasympathetic
Close to or within visceral organ

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18
Q

Superior mesenteric plexus supplies

A

SI/LI

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19
Q

Inferior mesenteric plexus supplies

A

LI

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20
Q

Hypogastric plexus supplies

A

Pelvic viscera

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21
Q

Superior cervical ganglion serve

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A

Head and heart

22
Q

Middle/inferior cervical ganglion serve

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A

Heart and BV of neck shoulder and upper limb

23
Q

Pathways from symp trunk ganglia to visceral effectors (4)

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A

Enter spinal nerves
Form cephalic periarterial nerves
Form sympathetic nerves
Form splanchnic nerves

24
Q

Gray rami communicates vs white rami communicantes (what/where)

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A

Gray: structures containing sympathetic postG axons that connect ganglia of sympathetic trunk to spinal nerves (all 31 nerves of SC)

White: structure containing sympathetic preG axons that connect anterior ramus of spinal nerve with ganglia of sympathetic trunk (only thoracic and first 2/3 lumbar nerves)

25
Spinal nerves Innervate
Visceral effectors in skin of neck trunk and limbs
26
Cephalic periarterial nerves Innervate
Visceral effectors in skin of face and visceral effectors of head
27
Sympathetic nerves Innervate (what/where are they synapsing with postG)
Heart: synapse with postG in sup/middle/inf cervical ganglia and T1-T4 Lungs: synapse with postG in T2-T4
28
Splanchnic nerves Innervate (what/where do synapse with postG)
Abdominopelvic organs: prevertebral ganglia Adrenal medulla: chromaffin cells
29
Chromaffin cels release (%)
80 percent epinephrine 20 percent NE Trace amount dopamine
30
Four pairs of cranial psymp ganglia
Ciliary (eyeball) pterygopalatine (nasal mucosa/palate/pharynx/lacrimal glands) submandibular (submandibular/sublingual salivary glands) otic (parotid salivary glands)
31
What nerve carries 80 percent of total Craniosacral outflow (psymp)
Vagus (X)
32
Cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic Muscarinic
33
Nicotinic (locations/effects) (3)
PM of postG symp/psymp N: excitation=impulses in postG Chromaffin cells: E/NE secretion Sarcolemma of SMF: excitation=contraction
34
Muscarinic (locations/effects)(3)
Effectors innervated by psymp postG N: excitation or inhibition Sweat glands innervated by symp postG= increased sweating SM BV innervated by symp postG: inhibition=relaxation=vasodilation
35
Is NE or E both a NT and hormone
NE
36
Adrenergic receptors
a1, a2, B1, B2, B3
37
a1 (locations/effects) (3)
Smooth muscle in BV, radial muscle in iris, spinster of stomach/bladder: excitation=vasoconstriction/dilation/closing Salivary gland cells: K+/H2O secretion Sweat glands on palms/soles: increased sweating
38
a2 (locations/effects)(4)
Smooth muscle in BV: vasodilation Beta cells of pancreatic islets: decreased insulin secretion Pancreatic acinar cells: inhibition of digestive enzyme secretion Platelets in blood: form platelet plug
39
B1 (location/effects)(4)
Cardiac MF: excitation Juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys: renin secretion Post pituitary: ADH secretion Adipose cells: breakdown triglycerides=release fatty acids to blood
40
B2 (locations/effects(3)
Smooth muscle in airways; heart BV, SM, adipose, liver, visceral organ walls: inhibition Ciliary muscle in eye: inhibition Hepatocytes in liver: glycogenolysis
41
B3 (location/effect)(1)
Brown adipose tissue: thermogenesis
42
Adrenergic receptors generally excitatory
a1, B1
43
Adrenergic receptors generally inhibitory
a2, B2
44
Autonomic tone regulated by
Hypothalamus
45
Symp vs psymp associated ganglia
Symp: symp trunk ganglia, prevertebral ganglia Psymp: terminal ganglia
46
Symp vs psymp ganglia locations
S: close to CNS P: close to or within wall of effectors
47
Symp vs p symp axon divergence (postG/effector)
S: synapse with many postG to many effectors P: synapse with 4-5 postG to single effector
48
Does symp or psymp have white/gray rami communicantes
Symp
49
Symp vs psymp NT
S: preG=ACh, post=NE (except sweat glands is ACh) P: both ACh
50
What is the major control and integration center of ANS
Hypothalamus
51
What parts of hypothalamus control symp vs psymp
Symp: posterior and lateral hypothalamus Psymp: anterior and medial hypothalamus

Biol235 Quiz 3 (3 decks)

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